Why Minnie Wright Has Murdered Her Husband - 1021 Words

In the play Trifles, the reader is led to an understanding on why Minnie wright has murdered her husband. This revelation can lead the reader to understand why Mrs. Hale defends Minnie so vehemently. If the reader analyses the environment, the factors, and the theme of this play one can come to the conclusion about why Mrs. Hale defended Minnie. The environment of the play takes place in the early 1900’s. The roles of the family members were much different then than they are today. The Husband would often times do the hard work that would take place outside, and the wife would simply take care of the house and children. This system was actually pretty efficient, but some men saw themselves more powerful than the woman, and often would discriminate against the woman. While investigating the house in the kitchen the sheriff states, â€Å"Nothing here but kitchen things.† And the County Attorney says, â€Å"Here s a nice mess† in reference to the sticky substance on the shelf. Mrs. Peters makes a statement on Mrs. Wright’s fruit preserves and after this statement has been made the sheriff and the County Attorney make remarks to even further degrade the position that woman held by stating, â€Å"Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin about her preserves.† (Sheriff) And also, â€Å"I guess before we re through she may have something more serious than preserves to worry about.† (County Attorney) This moment is significant, because when these men made this statement theyShow MoreRelated The Danger in Susan Glaspells Trifles Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagesbring it to a close. It is easy to see that Mr. and Mrs. Wright live in a society that is cut off from the outside world and also strongly separated by gender. Three of the key symbols in Glaspells play are a simple bird cage, a quilt, and isolationism. Anna Uong of Virginia Tech and Karen Shelton of JSRCC share these same ideas on symbolism. These three symbols are the main clues that help the reader decide who killed Mr. Wright. The bird cage that was found is one of the most profoundRead MoreThe Women In â€Å"Trifles†. The Play â€Å"Trifles† , Written By1658 Words   |  7 Pagesproves that Minnie, the unstable housewife, has killed her husband, John Wright. The women initially tag along behind their husbands simply because they were told to. However as they progress through the house their sense of duty becomes curiosity with the desire to discover what happened in this quiet home that caused Minnie to snap. It is the women’s focus on causation that allows them to discover clues that show Minnie is in fact the murderer, and why she has decided to kill her husband. Yet whenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Miss Brill And A Jury Of Her Peers 1672 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Response to â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Through direct characterization each story directly gives the reader what a character’s personality is like through the narrator. Indirect characterization is what the character’s behavior is towards themselves and towards the other characters throughout the story. A symbol in each story can tell the reader more about an object or more about the story. The main characters in two different stories can surprisingly have a connection, eitherRead MoreEssay on Feminist Themes of Susan Glaspells Plays1558 Words   |  7 Pages Susan Glaspell was one of the first great American female playwrights. Her plays are often short, one or two acts, but they tell a story greater than just what appears on the page. Three of her plays, Trifles (1916), Women’s Honor (1918), and The Verge (1921), have feminist themes that show the consequences of the oppression of women, as is the case with many of her plays. All three plays were written during the first wave of feminism, during which there was a push for women to have jobs and opportunitiesRead MoreThe Deception of Trifles: Gender Roles in the Play by Glaspell1550 Words   |  7 Pages Trifles is based on real life events of a murder that Susan Glaspell covered during her work as a newspaper reporter in Des Moines and the play is based off of Susan Glaspell’s earlier writing, â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†. The play is about a wife of a farmer that appears to be cold and filled with silence. After many years of the husband treating the wife terri ble, the farmer’s wife snaps and murders her husband. In addition, the play portrays how men and women may stick together in same sex rolesRead MoreTrifles In Shakespeares Othello And Susan Glaspell And Shakespeare1075 Words   |  5 Pagessymbolic messages. It is fundamentally used to prove Desdemona’s faith to Othello and no one else. His demand for â€Å"some proof†(3.3.412) proves that he sees the handkerchief as an example of her dedication and fidelity to Othello. This small object is so powerful it convinced Othello that Desdemona is worth killing over her faith to him: â€Å"By heaven, I would most gladly have forgot it. Thou saidst—O, it comes o’er my memory As doth the raven o’er the infectious house, Boding to all—he had my handkerchief†(4Read MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers And Flannery O Connor s Good Country People Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe oppression of women has occurred all throughout hist ory across the world in the thousands of years that patriarchy has existed. During recent times as social standards have progressed, the voices of women are heard more often than long ago. Nonetheless, it is often overlooked that women of decades before used their voices in other ways in order to speak out against oppression. One of the ways these women did this was in their literary writing. Despite the progress made today to stand up againstRead MoreTrifles And The Women Who Worry Over Them1037 Words   |  5 Pagesan abandoned farmhouse previously owned by the recently murdered Mr. John Wright and his killer, and wife, Mrs. Wright. The men’s dominance over the situation and the women is clear from the initial understanding of their individual roles. The men all seem to have important tasks to perform. The sheriff and the county attorney are investigating John Wright’s murder by searching for evidence of his wife’s guilt. Mr. Hale, a farming neighbor, has bee n requested to give his testimony of the morning heRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles Essay2025 Words   |  9 Pageswomen were possession of the husband. The division between men and women in the play not just mentally or emotionally but it was also physically , and that symbolizes the different between genders at this time. Susan Glaspell shows that through her characters in this play. Glaspell uses the characters (Mr. Wright and Mrs. Wright) to prove how men were so dominant and how women were suffered a lot. Glaspell’s play presents one drastic women rebel. Mrs. Wright, who goes to the extreme to freeRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Susan Glaspells A Jury of Her Peers1027 Words   |  5 Pagesfeatured in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Written by Susan Glaspell has the storyline of a mother who has intense apologetic regret over allowing her life to push things aside, of being a dutiful homemaker, and of unseen rational processing to the truth of the crime. Martha is mixed with regret in an apologetic manner for the lack of social outreach. Her first quote â€Å"I ought to go over and see Minnie Foster† (Insert Cite) after feeling as if she could not cross the line into Minnie Foster’s home because

The Internet And The World Wide Web - 1490 Words

Since the late 19th Century there has been many changes that were taking place in society. The major one was the introduction of the internet and the World Wide Web. Around the 1950 s the first network called ARPANET was created and through research the internet was later on produced in the late 1970 s. Within two decades the internet went from being a new form of communication technology, to being, for most people a very important part of their culture and daily life. Many once held an optimism that the Internet would for example revolutionise work and office life, create active, engaged citizens instead of the passive subjects of the broadcast media age (Poster, 1995)1, or lead to the creation of alternative communities, worlds and even identities free from the prejudices of offline society (Rheingold, 1993)2. This was indeed a drastic change to how the culture previously was as the internet and technology just made simple daily activities much easier, for instance instead of sendi ng letters one could just send an email or an instant message. In the more recent years many resources became available online, some of which was previously done physically such as job applications, benefit forms and assistance of general information. This is due to globalisation, modernisation, the internet and social media. This essay will discuss whether we live in a digital culture , and how it differs from previous cultural traditions and practices. Due to globalisation, we nowShow MoreRelatedThe Internet And The World Wide Web1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Internet is a unique place where all different nationalities, social groups and age groups with different values and characteristics, meet and interact. All spheres of media are being represented on the world wide web. Some of the relations are being mirrored from those present in real life, but the internet was never the same. As with real life, not everyone on the internet is equal and there are numerous differences betwe en the users of this medium of mass communication. Even though the inequalitiesRead MoreThe Internet : The World Wide Web873 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet, otherwise known as the world wide web, was discovered and popularized in 1969, along with a new way of thinking. The internet has become our TV, maps, clocks, radios, and our typewriters, revolutionizing the technology world. Nowadays, people can go onto their personal computers and find anything and everything they were looking for simply at a click of a button. Although some critique the internet for making our population dumb, the internet is full of available and efficient resourcesRead MoreInternet And The World Wide Web990 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Privacy The term Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are words that not only are familiar to people all over the globe but their technology is ubiquitous. Aside from the availability of the Internet, several spin-off technologies have been possible such as mobile Internet service via the mobile telephone, PDA or even â€Å"netbooks† – those subnotebooks that are small-sized, low-cost and lightweight optimized for mobile Internet access and core computing functions. No doubt, it is difficultRead MoreInternet And The World Wide Web2058 Words   |  9 Pagesuse the internet. The internet is a global communication network that allows all computers to exchange information. The internet has social benefits, it helps us in the classroom, it enhances our creativity, and it also has long term effects on our brain that actually help us. Of course, there are cons about the internet, but the bad parts are controllable. The internet changes the way we think for the better, and connects u s to people all around the world. The internet and the world wide web are veryRead MoreThe Internet And World Wide Web Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesCerf invented the Internet and just a few years later in 1990 Tim Berners-Lee changed the world forever by inventing the beautiful and ever useful World Wide Web. Most would use the terms ‘internet’ and ‘World Wide Web’ interchangeably, however they are not the same at all. The Internet is an indescribably large network of networks while the World Wide Web is a refined way of gaining access to information on the internet. A really easy way to think about it is that the internet is connecting computersRead MoreWeb 2.0 : Internet, World Wide Web1988 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction With the introduction of the ultimate business disruptors: Internet, World Wide Web (Web) and communication technologies have revolutionized the way business operates by improving the ways people and organizations communicate and collaborate. The concept of Web 2.0 (Business 2.0) has earned a lot of prominence in recent years by positively influencing and changing the global landscape of businesses. Web 2.0 serves as a distinctive communications platform enabling and enhancing collaborationRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The World Wide Web1320 Words   |  6 PagesSince its introduction, the World Wide Web has been an electronic hub for people to share thoughts anonymously with others all over the globe, however the internet has been used for activities deemed illicit. Governments have responded by limiting the access people have to certain parts of the web and monitoring people’s internet activities. There are people who believe that these governments’ actions have violated civil rights. In order to protect their anonymity, people have turned to The OnionRead MoreThe Internet And The Development Of The World Wide Web1045 Words   |  5 Pageshas changed how individuals use the Internet may access the World Wide Web. This presented paper highlights the history of the Internet and the development of the World Wide Web. It also describes the masterminds who created and developed the Web, enabled its popularization through the Web browser, and greatly improved its value by enabling web search. With the whole technology advances and changes, the differences between the first generation, Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 is also important to consider becauseRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The World Wide Web1767 Words   |  8 Pages Globally, the estimate for Internet users in 2016 comes to around 46.1 percent, a three percent increase from 2015 (â€Å"Internet Users in the World,† Internet Live Stats). In a world where almost half of the population has Internet most people cannot imagine their lives without constant access to news sources. In this, different platforms that involve the sharing of information include: physical newspaper, online news sources, Facebook, and other social media platforms. The sharing of news storiesRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The World Wide Web2353 Words   |  10 PagesSince the invention of the internet via the World Wide Web (WWW) in the 1990s, numerous communication methods among individuals have improved. Friends, families, acquaintances have the capability to interact and connect at no charge disregarding of their locations as a result of the Computer-Mediated-Communication (CMC). With the improvement of the social media platforms such as Twitter, Myspace, Fac ebook, IM, Instagram and LinkedIn, youths have become hooked to online socialization. They have been

Amici Forever - The Opera Band free essay sample

Although I have come across opera a number of times during my vocal training, I have never been a big fan. But there was something about this CD that jumped out at me when I saw a wall of them at the record store. Maybe it was the sale sticker, or the interesting cover. What really compelled me to buy it was the fact that they described themselves as the worlds first opera band. What exactly is an opera band? I remember wondering. I had always associated opera with old men and fat ladies, but the people on this CD were neither. They did not look like a band either no guitars or guys with long hair. I could not help but succumb to my curiosity. Even though this experiment was not quite as good as I expected, I do recommend it to anyone looking to broaden their musical horizons. We will write a custom essay sample on Amici Forever The Opera Band or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amici Forever has a sound that is definitely their own. Comprised of two sopranos, two tenors and a bass, their songs are a mix of classical and contemporary music, but both have a modern feel. They sing in English and Italian and, on one track, Czechoslovakian. One of their most interesting songs is Senza Catene (which is Unchained Melody in Italian). My favorite, Whisper of Angels, is based on an older classic, and features amazing harmonies. Amici Forever has become very popular in England (home of three band members, the other two are from South Africa) as a crossover band. They have proved themselves a talented and accomplished group, even before releasing this CD in the U.S. I recommend The Opera Band to anyone who has a love for or even just a slight interest in opera.

Stairway To Heaven By Led Zeppelin Essays - Jimmy Page, Rock Music

Stairway To Heaven By Led Zeppelin The song I chose for analysis is Stairway to Heaven by Led Zeppelin. I have looked over the lyrics of the songs and come to the conclusion that the song is about the Apocalypse. It is about how people would react if they knew that the world was about to end. I have broken down the meanings in almost every verse, which I will show later on in this assignment. The mood of the song is slow and depressing during the time in which they are waiting for the end to come. By the end of the song it gets faster and livelier to show happiness and hope. The song had several poetic devises such as internal rhyme, onomatopoeia, and most importantly metaphors. The only onomatopoeia was the word humming which was used once and is also a metaphor. The internal rhymes were one that sounded like rhymes when sung. "When she gets there she knows, if the stores are all closed", "And it's whispered that soon if we all call the tune", "And a new day will dawn for those who stand long", "Your head is humming and won't go, in case you don't know", and the last being "Dear lady, can you hear the wind blow, and did you know." The most important poetic devise in the song was the metaphors. My idea of the message in the song was based on the following metaphors. There's a lady who's sure all that glitters is gold. People who think all that glitters is gold are fools. So this lady is a fool to think she can buy her way in to heaven. There's a sign on the wall but she wants to be sure/ ?Cause you know sometimes words have two meanings. / In a tree by the brook, there's a songbird who sings, / Sometimes all our thoughts are misgiven. The two meanings are telling you about the metaphors used in the song. With the bird singing by the brook the first thing people think is that the bird is at peace, but animals sense trouble and when the bird panics it sounds like singing. This proves how our thoughts are misgiven. There's a feeling I get when I look to the west, / And my spirit is crying for leaving. / In my thoughts I have seen rings of smoke through the trees, / And the voices of those standing looking. The feeling is loss of hope because he's watching the sun go down in the west, the end will come at sundown. His spirit is crying because he has lost hope. The smoke through the trees is the world being destroyed and the voices of those who stand looking shows that nobody can do anything but watch. And it's whispered that soon if we all call the tune/ Then the piper will lead us to reason. / And a new day will dawn for those who stand long/ And the forests will echo with laughter. The Piper represents Sin. The Pied Piper, who led children to their deaths is the metaphor used here. The piper or Sin will lead them to their deaths. The tune is the meaning of life. A new day will dawn for those who stand long, means those who don't follow temptation will see a new day come, and their happiness is the laughter echoing through the forest. If there's a bustle in your hedgerow, don't be alarmed now, / It's just a spring clean for the May queen. / Yes, there are two paths you can go by, but in the long run/ There's still time to change the road you're on. The spring clean for the May queen is the end coming and cleaning the human race off the face of the earth. The two paths are temptation and righteousness and in the long run if you take temptation you can still change to the way of god. Your head is humming and won't go, in case you don't know, / The piper's calling you to join him, / Dear lady, can you hear the wind blow, and did you know/ Your stairway lies on the whispering wind. The humming is the wind and the lady who is trying to buy her way to heaven, hears the wind blow. The wind represents her chances of getting into heaven being blown away, her stairway is blown away with the wind. And as we wind on down

Free Essays on The Issue Of Slavery Due To Colonialism In Aphra Behns Oroonoko

The Issue of Slavery Due to Colonialism In Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko The combined issues of slavery and colonialism are evident in Aphra Behn’s story, Oroonoko or The Royal Slave A True History. The impact of slavery and displacement of the enslaved leads to various negative effects such as feelings of inferiority as a race, loss of cultural history, and distrust and resentment of another race as a whole. When a group of people are enslaved and taken from their native countries, they start to lose their cultural identity and become little more than pieces of property instead of human beings with their own hopes and dreams. Although most of the African slaves were captured and put on ships, the way Oroonoko was captured was especially deceptive. Oroonoko and his people were very susceptible to the lies they were told because the people of their country pride themselves in being honest and true to their word. Behn describes how both the Indians of Surinam and Oroonoko greatly valued honesty. To the Indians, a man who broke his word was referred to as a liar, â€Å"†¦which was a word of infamy to a gentleman.†(2153) After Oroonoko was led onto the boat and recovered from his drunken state, he believed the captain’s promise that Oroonoko would be released at the next place they landed. Behn writes, †And Oroonoko, whose honor was such as he never had violated a word in his life himself, much less a solemn asseveration, believed in an instant what the man had said†.(2169) This deception leads the Africans to distrust their newfound masters, a concept that was new to them. This in turn led the slaves to act deceptively in an effort to escape. When deception and dishonesty is introduced to people who have never experienced it before, it starts a cycle of dishonesty. This is proven when Oroonoko finally decides to take revenge on his oppressors. Why should the A fricans be honest and upright people when they have been brought... Free Essays on The Issue Of Slavery Due To Colonialism In Aphra Behn's Oroonoko Free Essays on The Issue Of Slavery Due To Colonialism In Aphra Behn's Oroonoko The Issue of Slavery Due to Colonialism In Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko The combined issues of slavery and colonialism are evident in Aphra Behn’s story, Oroonoko or The Royal Slave A True History. The impact of slavery and displacement of the enslaved leads to various negative effects such as feelings of inferiority as a race, loss of cultural history, and distrust and resentment of another race as a whole. When a group of people are enslaved and taken from their native countries, they start to lose their cultural identity and become little more than pieces of property instead of human beings with their own hopes and dreams. Although most of the African slaves were captured and put on ships, the way Oroonoko was captured was especially deceptive. Oroonoko and his people were very susceptible to the lies they were told because the people of their country pride themselves in being honest and true to their word. Behn describes how both the Indians of Surinam and Oroonoko greatly valued honesty. To the Indians, a man who broke his word was referred to as a liar, â€Å"†¦which was a word of infamy to a gentleman.†(2153) After Oroonoko was led onto the boat and recovered from his drunken state, he believed the captain’s promise that Oroonoko would be released at the next place they landed. Behn writes, †And Oroonoko, whose honor was such as he never had violated a word in his life himself, much less a solemn asseveration, believed in an instant what the man had said†.(2169) This deception leads the Africans to distrust their newfound masters, a concept that was new to them. This in turn led the slaves to act deceptively in an effort to escape. When deception and dishonesty is introduced to people who have never experienced it before, it starts a cycle of dishonesty. This is proven when Oroonoko finally decides to take revenge on his oppressors. Why should the A fricans be honest and upright people when they have been brought...

How to Write a Press Release

How to Write a Press Release How to Write a Press Release If your business has news to share, you can do so via a press release. But what exactly goes into a good press release? And how can you write one? Check out our tips below to find out. 1. Pick an Eye-Catching Headline Press releases are designed to get your business in the news, so treat them like a news story. And one thing that every good news story has is an eye-catching headline. Ideally, this will let the people you contact know exactly what your press release is about and why it is important. Try to keep your headline punchy, too. If you need more space to give extra detail, you can add a subheading after the main one. 2. Think About Your Goals The content of your press release will depend on what you want to achieve. Are you promoting an event? Letting customers or clients know about a change in your business? Think about: How your news affects your business and those involved What you want readers to take away from your press release How you want people to act upon this information If you can focus on these details, your press releases will be more effective. Make sure, too, to mention all the key players involved (e.g., staff, stakeholders, clients, and customers). 3. Make It Quotable Journalists love it when you make their lives easier. So if you want to get coverage from your press release, try to include the following: Soundbites from key players such as the company owner or CEO Statistics related to your news (e.g., number of sales, revenue increases) Any images you want used alongside your news Journalists can then use these when writing up the press release as news. 4. Pick the Perfect Time The timing of your press release is almost as important as its content. But the best time for a press release will depend on what you are writing about: When it is about something that has just happened, release it as soon as possible afterwards. If possible, write a draft version in advance. If it is about an upcoming event, send it 3-5 days before you need coverage. You may also want to include an embargo date for publication. In addition, it is usually best to send press releases first thing in the morning (e.g., 9am) when journalists will be checking their emails. On a similar note, the best days to send press releases are usually Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday (never send one on Friday before the weekend). Summary: How to Write a Press Release When writing press releases, keep the following tips in mind: Write an eye-catching headline to grab the reader’s attention Think about your goals and tailor its content accordingly Provide statistics and quotes from key players for journalists to use Think about the best date and time to send out your press release And don’t forget to get your business documents proofread! Click here to see our example press release.

Marxist Interpretation of Hairstyles of the Damned Essay

Marxist Interpretation of Hairstyles of the Damned - Essay Example Gretchen is an overweight tom-boy, rude, ballsy and punk rocker who â€Å"wasn't the most feminine girl in the world, sincerely,† always involved in fights and is in love with a 26-year old (Meno 4). Brian tries to make her a mix-tape which results in their separation for some time. This struggle for identification recurs in the whole novel as Brian tries to define himself among his peers who have distinct traits that places them is particular classes. The Marxist literary theory attributes such traits to historical forces which shape the environment, character traits of the inhabitants and the language and writing style of the author. Therefore, there are forces that guide the traits and values of the teenagers in the setting which also lead to conflicts among various classes. Siegel defines the Marxist literary theory as a sociological approach in literature that considers the works in question as a result of historical forces whose analysis could be achieved by considering the material conditions that led to its formation. The general focus is on the conflict between the repressed and dominant classes at any age, encouraging art to imitate the objective reality. ‘Hairstyles of the Damned’ provides a perfect example of conflict in different classes due to what the society has upheld over time, particularly among the teenagers. The novel supports the fact that the environment plays an important role in shaping what one would uphold with high esteem and probably consider trendy and fashionable. In the novel, Brian’s lifestyle is shaped differently by the friends he meets and bonds with. As an outsider, it becomes hard for him to make friends and only befriends outsiders like him including Rod, Mike, Dorie and Nick who shape his path towards finding himself and the values in life. Encountering different friends, it would be noted that in every section of the novel, Brian would have his favorite music from different genres in line with what the peers upheld with high regard. The environment further classified them into blacks and whites, cheerleaders and jocks, outcasts and rich kids, burnouts and punks, which shaped her mind and what he would perceive as the desired lifestyle. Gretchen for instance had all she wanted and that is why Brian noted that â€Å"she did the things I wish I could do but didn't have the guts to† (Meno 15). The characters in the narration are young with and the adults therein immature. Their major interest is in sex, music, bands, clothing and less on schoolwork. Brian secured a job but co-worker issues stumbled his way. In his racial neighborhood, the parents are less caring and uninvolved in his proper upbringing. This causes teenage aimlessness and indulgence into pop culture without regard for how this causes loss of individuality. The neon colored hair was adored among the young and every other teenager would try to fit into this cultural definition of being in a high social cl ass. Brian seemed to adore characters like Bobby B., a kid from his neighborhood, a year older than him and a senior who â€Å"always had about five pairs of girls’ underwear from girls he had made with† (Meno 10). The author glorifies some material aspects of the characters that would appeal to teens like Bobby’

Innovation - apple Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Innovation - apple - Assignment Example Smooth and quick flow of information, rapid advancement of technology and highly customer centric behaviour of Apple makes it one of the most successful business organizations in the industry. Recently Apple has launched its new product, iPhone 5C and iPhone 5S. The company had to overcome their traditional box of ideas so as to come up with new developments. However, Apple’s CEO, Tim Cook, currently emphasises on the development of its existing products, instead of creating a whole new generation of ideas for innovating new products. In this paper, the context of creativity and innovation by Apple would be studied in detail to understand the factors that affect the level of market performance by the company. 2.0 Literature review Creativity and innovation are the most important buzz words in the current business world. Companies are trying to become more creative and improve their innovative ideas in order to maintain their competitive position in the market. However, these t wo concepts are not identical. They refer to different aspects of organizational development. Creativity refers to the capability of individuals to create new ideas or hypothesize new facts. This is the change in people’s â€Å"perception of reality† (Iny and Brabandere, 2013). Innovation, on the other hand, is the â€Å"change in reality† (Iny and Brabandere , 2013). In case of innovation, new ideas that have been created are taken up and worked upon to turn it into reality. For example, the idea of development of the idea of a new kind phone led to the creation of the first concept of iPhone. With this new idea, the iPhone has been created. Once the new iPhone is created, Apple could make various changes in the original product. The company has made different iterations of the iPhone by altering their own understanding of the product possibilities thereby changing the understanding of the customers regarding the facilities that can be offered by a mobile phone . Although this fundamental difference exists between creativity and innovation, these two concepts represent two very important facets of any organization. Creative thinking leads to an innovative product. Hence, it is not possible for any firm to move ahead by making innovative activities, if they lack creative talent amongst their employees. 2.1 Creativity and innovation Innovation is one of the key drivers of growth for any organization in the 21st century business world. Innovation allows the companies to invent new methods in which they might be able to grow in future. Innovation is not a skill that a company can develop within a short period of time through training. It has to have the knack, creative mind set of employees and risk taking attitude to invent new products, or strategies to serve its customer better. This in turn improves the company performance and its market share. This implies that, creativity and innovation is present within the organizational culture and is a part of its fundamental view towards growth. For an organization to be creative and innovative, it

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Urban consolidation is a rising issue in amny capital cities and could have a dramatic effect on the environmental sustainability of Australian cities in the near and distant future. â€Å"Urban consolidation policies concentrate on increasing housing densities in the large cities to produce more compact development, shorter travel distances and less dependence on automobiles. † (Forster 2004, p. 171). Some of the main negative issues that is caused by urban consolidation are a drop in value of pre-existing suburban housing, an overload of public resources in over-crowded cities and traffic and transport inconviences. There are many benefits to urban consolidation which involve lower short term envirnomental impacts and high levels of convience, but at the same time there are many disadvantages which are discussed in this essay. The policies of urban consolidation are surrounded by the idea of building large cities upwards, rather than outwards. This means that they are focussing on constructing multi-story facilities close to the centre of the cities. â€Å"more compact development would reduce the rate at which urban expansions consumes good agricultral land and threatens sensitive natural environments† (Forster 2004, p. 71). Existing housing urban housing and facilities must be demolished to make way for new high rise structures. This indicates that for many australians who have worked hard to buy/own their own home in the inner suberbs of major cities, it will be a struggle for them, due to the fact that their house/dwelling or property will decrease in value. As the population increases, the total of vehicles increases aswell. â€Å"In 1945 there were 100 cars per 1000 people, by 1970 there were almost 500 cars per 1000 people†(Forster 2004, p. 17), this will cause traffic congestion within the cities. As a result of traffic congestion, pollution levels will increase. This will negatively affect peoples health and well being. Along with the inconviences of urban consolidation on the everyday lifestyle, health issues can also be inflated. Childhood obesity is more likely to occur in children that were raised in areas of urban consolidation rather than a child raised in a suburban area, â€Å"urban sprawl communities separate people’s homes from stores, offices, services and restaurants. This makes it nearly impossible for people to carry out their errands, sporting activities or go to work without using their car†(Lopez 2004). This is largly due to the fact that children raised in urban consolidation generally have little access to large parks and playgrounds and would have to go out of their way to be highly active on a regular basis, where as children in suburban areas have access to these large parks and outdoor play areas. There can be many negatives with living in an urban consolidated area which can be an overcrowding in kindergarden and schools, lengthy waiting lists to seek medical attention and a possible need to travel further distances to get to bigger and better-equipped shopping districts. These needs negate the value of urban consolidation in that if many people will still be required to travel moderate or lengthy distances to access facilities then they would be better off to live further into the suberbs where the shops/facilities are well equipped. In conclusion, the policies of urban consolidation would be highly beneficial and have great outcomes in all major Australian cities if the preceding measures were taken care of prior or at the same time to taking action against urban sprawl. Although there are some positives to urban consolidation, such as lower automobile dependance and increased convinience, the many negatives outweigh them. In the long term the policies of urban consolidation may benefit some major cities in australia, but given the current situation in which many cities are not developing at the same rate as urban consolidation is affecting them, it stands that urban consolidation is not the answer to environmental sustainability for Australian cities.

Manufacturing :: essays research papers

Luke Lindsey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mana 156- behavior and Org. 02055325  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case analysis 1 10-23-0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mega Manufacturing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mega Manufacturing is a manufacturer of sports shoes for men and women. They are investigating each department in order to cut back on spending in order to eliminate wastes of resources. One potential waste is coming from the cutting department. The waste of material is costing the company monitory resources that could further benefit the company if allocated elsewhere. Several solutions have been discovered with the cutting process but if the problem were to be solve d there is both a salary saving and the elimination of waste, in this particular department. However the solution lies with the employees of this department and the solution will cost some of them their jobs. The variables effecting the disclosure of this information vary from one's need for monitory income, to the esteem of the position. Management is facing several possible decisions that include employee employment assurance to cost savings and company bottom line figures. Their decisions are foun ded on management decisions, employee motivations and resistance to innovations and the notion of getting these resistant employees to adopt the innovations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the management decisions regarding the cutting process and the problems that are associated with them. The notion that the skilled workers of the cutting department are aware of a solution to the problem with the breaking dies indicates that there is a solution to the problem. On the standpoint of the company, investigation into the proper use and successful completion of the cut using the die needs to be resolved. The die eliminates wastage and will speed up productivity of the cutting process. It will also make the individual machine operator more efficient which will conclude with the elimination of several positions may allocated more resources previously spent on employee salaries. This cost savings will free up allocations previously spent on overhead and allocated to other departments that may increase spending in order to increase sales, or add more to the stockholders bottom line. As a machine operator aware of this notion that relinquishing this i nformation could cost him/her their job, there needs to be some cause for hesitation. The workers are paid on an hourly base so the increase of efficiency will also allow management the ability to cut hours, which will also hurt the workers. If faced with this dilemma I would have to first find out if the solution the breaking dies were legit.

Othello

In the play Othello Ago states his anger towards Moor Othello to Ordering. His anger Is justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above him and Ago gives the notion that his wife had an affair with Othello. For these reasons Ago manipulated the people around him to the point where each could not tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws In their character in order to create success. Ago has always held a grudge towards Michael Cassia for stealing the Job he wanted.Michael Cassia has but one flaw that of which is drinking. At a party to honor the Moor's marriage and the victory of war Ago highlights this flaw. With the words â€Å"If I can fasten but one cup upon him, With that which he hath drunk tonight already†¦ (Shakespeare 45)† Ago gets Cassia drunk. Cassia Is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Email says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal It†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Toeholds wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are lust some of the flaws Ago exploited in his journey to get what he wanted. Getting Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Sago's plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love thee; But never more be officer of mine†¦ (Shakespeare 51)†. No longer is Cassia in the job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood.Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his Supposed' reined Ordering as well. Ago however says â€Å"Now whether he kill Cassia, Or Cassia him, or each do kill the other, Every way makes my gain†¦ (Shakespeare 97)†. This illustrates that he does not care which of them dies for either way he will gain success. In the end Sago's plan i s a success even after all the lies and manipulations have been brought to light. He managed to get all of his enemies killed except for the person he wanted from the very beginning: Michael Cassia.Who in the end of the play Othello would be in charge of the punishment imposed upon him. Ago prevailed by harboring what makes each person weak and then using that weakness against them. Othello By Muslim is Justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws in drunk. Cassia is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Emilie says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal it†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Othello wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are just some of the flaws Ago exploited in his Journey to get what he wanted. Gett ing Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Lagos plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love the Job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood. Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his ‘supposed' In the end Lagos plan is a success even after all the lies and manipulations have Othello In the play Othello Ago states his anger towards Moor Othello to Ordering. His anger Is justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above him and Ago gives the notion that his wife had an affair with Othello. For these reasons Ago manipulated the people around him to the point where each could not tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws In their character in order to create success. Ago has always held a grudge towards Michael Cassia for stealing the Job he wanted.Michael Cassia has but one flaw that of which is drinking. At a party to honor the Moor's marriage and the victory of war Ago highlights this flaw. With the words â€Å"If I can fasten but one cup upon him, With that which he hath drunk tonight already†¦ (Shakespeare 45)† Ago gets Cassia drunk. Cassia Is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Email says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal It†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Toeholds wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are lust some of the flaws Ago exploited in his journey to get what he wanted. Getting Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Sago's plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love thee; But never more be officer of mine†¦ (Shakespeare 51)†. No longer is Cassia in the job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood.Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his Supposed' reined Ordering as well. Ago however says â€Å"Now whether he kill Cassia, Or Cassia him, or each do kill the other, Every way makes my gain†¦ (Shakespeare 97)†. This illustrates that he does not care which of them dies for either way he will gain success. In the end Sago's plan i s a success even after all the lies and manipulations have been brought to light. He managed to get all of his enemies killed except for the person he wanted from the very beginning: Michael Cassia.Who in the end of the play Othello would be in charge of the punishment imposed upon him. Ago prevailed by harboring what makes each person weak and then using that weakness against them. Othello By Muslim is Justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws in drunk. Cassia is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Emilie says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal it†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Othello wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are just some of the flaws Ago exploited in his Journey to get what he wanted. Gett ing Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Lagos plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love the Job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood. Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his ‘supposed' In the end Lagos plan is a success even after all the lies and manipulations have Othello In the play Othello Ago states his anger towards Moor Othello to Ordering. His anger Is justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above him and Ago gives the notion that his wife had an affair with Othello. For these reasons Ago manipulated the people around him to the point where each could not tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws In their character in order to create success. Ago has always held a grudge towards Michael Cassia for stealing the Job he wanted.Michael Cassia has but one flaw that of which is drinking. At a party to honor the Moor's marriage and the victory of war Ago highlights this flaw. With the words â€Å"If I can fasten but one cup upon him, With that which he hath drunk tonight already†¦ (Shakespeare 45)† Ago gets Cassia drunk. Cassia Is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Email says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal It†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Toeholds wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are lust some of the flaws Ago exploited in his journey to get what he wanted. Getting Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Sago's plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love thee; But never more be officer of mine†¦ (Shakespeare 51)†. No longer is Cassia in the job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood.Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his Supposed' reined Ordering as well. Ago however says â€Å"Now whether he kill Cassia, Or Cassia him, or each do kill the other, Every way makes my gain†¦ (Shakespeare 97)†. This illustrates that he does not care which of them dies for either way he will gain success. In the end Sago's plan i s a success even after all the lies and manipulations have been brought to light. He managed to get all of his enemies killed except for the person he wanted from the very beginning: Michael Cassia.Who in the end of the play Othello would be in charge of the punishment imposed upon him. Ago prevailed by harboring what makes each person weak and then using that weakness against them. Othello By Muslim is Justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws in drunk. Cassia is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Emilie says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal it†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Othello wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are just some of the flaws Ago exploited in his Journey to get what he wanted. Gett ing Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Lagos plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love the Job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood. Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his ‘supposed' In the end Lagos plan is a success even after all the lies and manipulations have

Describe the origins of public health in the UK Essay

Public health was best described by the Yale professor Winslow in 1920 who described it as ‘the art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health’. Public health covers a range of areas, and is constantly having to be changed to keep up with the changing health needs of the public. (Fleming, M. and Parker, E. (2009) An introduction to Public Health Churchill Livingston Elsevier: Australia) During the Victorian Era, public health was not an issue that was dealt with by the government. There weren’t public hospitals, and only those from a wealthy background were able to access medical care. There was no such thing as vaccinations as there was very few educated on health, and many people died from diseases and infections in all classes, that now a day are easily treated. The people of this time were very uneducated about personal hygiene care and knew nothing about the spread of diseases. The people based their beliefs on their interpretations of what they saw going on around them. Due to the lack of knowledge it was believed if someone died it was because they were, for example, possessed by a daemon or they were a witch. In today’s society we have the understanding and science to allow us insight into the real reasons that people die and get unwell, we know that illness are not caused because someone is a witch. During the 19th century there was many factories built which offered jobs to many people, so many people moved from the country to be near the factories as the transport systems were so poor. This meant that there was large numbers of people living in small areas. Though when the people began work in the factories, they soon realised that all was not as good as they had hoped for. In today’s world we have a far better transport network which means people can live in less confined areas, and they can travel easily to reach their places of work. Long working hours, poor wages and bad nutrition meant that people’s health started to decline, and it was in fact the more rural living people that lived longer. People were paid such bad wages and there was no benefits system in place, so when people were unable to afford a house for them and their families they were sent to the workhouse which was a last resort, in the workhouse people never got out alive, all dying shortly after they entered due to the vast amount of sickness that was there. Children went to work in the factories as soon as they were old enough, about 8 years old, and the woman also went to work in the factories as well as caring for the sick. This meant that the death rate in woman and children was especially low. In 1833 the Factory Act was put into place. This act was to regulate the working hours of woman and children, it took a long time to be implemented but it was a step towards the regulation of working conditions. Today is it illegal for a child to work until they reach the age of 16, and woman get paid leave from their jobs when they have a baby, this has meant that children are able to go to school and get an education and grow physically and intellectually instead of going to work from they can walk. During this time there was no such thing as building controls, so the homes in which people lived were of bad conditions, they were overcrowded and did not have any sanitation such as running water or sewage facilities. A six bedroom house would have had 6 large families living in it, one family per room. This meant that people had to take turns sleeping and infection spread easily, due to lack of sanitation. In today’s society we have building control who ensure that ll homes are fit for purpose and most people have their own bedroom, rather than one family to a bedroom. The life expectancy of someone living at this time and working in one of these factories was around the age of 22. The life expectancy for tradesmen was 27, men had a higher life expectancy that woman, and the upper class had a life expectancy of 45 as they were not subjected to the reality of the slums and factories. In today’s society the life expectancy of woman is 5 to 10 years longer than it is for men. This is mainly due to the fact that woman look after their health better and are more regular users of going to the doctors than men are. Woman are also more likely to talk to their friends if they think that they have something wrong where as men are not big talkers when it comes to their health. During the Victorian Era 60’000 to 70’000 people during every decade from tuberculosis and the numbers dying from it decreased and in recent years it was thought to completely be eradicated. The health service then made the decision not to vaccinate people for the disease because there had been no numbers of death from it, but this has not been the case and people have begun to tract it again and there are people dying from it. (bbc 2011) In 2011, 8,963 cases of TB were reported in the UK. (NHS 2012) No toilet facilities or sewage system meant that people chucked their waste out to the street, not knowing the consequences that untreated waste would have on their health. The water that the waste was thrown into was the same water that vermin and other animals lived in; this water was also used by the families for cooking and drinking which meant there was a serious spread of infections. Cholera is a water born disease which claimed the lives of thousands of people living during the 19th century, the symptoms include; stomach pains, vomiting, diarrhoea and the skin turning blue. Dr John Snow, who is now a famous figure in history, was the first person to make the connection that cholera spread through the water. He was a working class man, and he went on to study the people and how they were becoming ill, and discovered how cholera was spreading, and so epidemiology began. Epidemiology is the study of the spread of diseases and it is something that is ongoing today with the many new diseases that are being found. (bbc) Cholera is a disease was thought to have been eradicated but due to the recent weather disruptions across the UK and Ireland, the government are concerned that there could be another breakout. Thousands of homes have become flooded and the sewage from these homes is running up and down the streets, this being a vast resemblance to the 19th century. Microbiologists testing water in Moorlands, Somerset, found it contains 60,000 to 70,000 bacteria per 100 milliliter. Water should contain no more than 1,000 per milliliter, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The towns and cities were not a pleasant place to be, the streets were filthy, and the drains and sewers which ran in the streets were blocked and overflowing. Rubbish was also just threw out to the street which meant there was a lot of vermin attracted, which also carried many diseases, this caused national concern. More and more housing was being needed, so poorly built houses were erected on top of rubbish piles, this rubbish did not provide solid founds, and made the houses very dangerous for living in. The poor people could not get help, the middle class saw them as immoral as they were all living in such cramped housing. There were charities set up, such as the Peabody Trust in 1862 and The Guinness Trust in 1890 which aimed to help the people but these failed to meet the needs of the people most desperate in society. In 1866 after a fourth case of cholera killed 6000 people; the government put the first piece of legislation in place that actually made changes to the peoples lives, The Sanitary Act. This law meant that authorities had to provide fresh water, sewage and waste disposal. This law took a long time to be implemented into all houses within Britain but it meant that life expectancy was slowly on the rise. All of the towns had to have a Sanitary Inspectors and the Home Secretary was empowered to take proceedings for the removal of nuisances where local authorities failed to act. Today all homes in Britain benefit from the Sanitary Act as they have running water and sewage facilities, and also a better knowledge on personal hygiene. By the end of the Victorian Era, treatment of illness started to become more advanced and surgery became more effective as there was a better knowledge. Moving into the 20th century there was still many of the problems which existed during the 19th century. These on-going problems included housing and slums, poverty, lack of hospitals, nutritional issues, and the same sanitation problems. One piece of legislation that ensured a better quality of life for the people was the House of the Working Class Act, this began the building of council houses, a development which is still being used in present day, especially sue to the recessionary times that we are currently in and the increasing amounts of people that are becoming homeless due to reduced jobs and opportunities. In today’s society we still have problems with many of these issues. In the recent economic climate and the recession, people have become unemployed and living has started to back track to these times, a lot of people have not been able to keep up repayments on their mortgages and homelessness has become a booming issue. This homelessness has meant that there has been a small rise in the numbers of council houses being built. Another problem which is still ongoing in today’s society is peoples nutrition. In the 19th and 20th centuries people suffered from bad nutrition as they did not know about vitamins and nutrients and people were badly malnourished and underweight which added to many health problems such as rickets, and in today’s society we still have nutritional problems. Fast food and fatty foods are so easily accessible and people find them to be handier than cooking nutritious meals and so people are becoming increasingly overweight and many suffer from obesity. According to the World Health Organisation, in 2008 there was 1. 4 billion adults over 20 who were classified as obese and in 2011 there was over 40 million children suffering from obesity also. (WHO 2013) Free school meals for children were also introduced in 1906; these free meals are still available to some children today. They ensure that the children are getting the proper nutrients and vitamins that is necessary to encourage growth and to also help them concentrate and learn. The health and wellbeing of children was one of the main aspects of public health that the Ministry of Health were trying to protect, and in 1907 a school nurse was assigned to all schools, and her main role to begin with was to check the children’s heads for nits. The role of the school nurse then developed to carry out examinations on all aspects of the children’s health, growth and development. In 1911 National Insurance was first introduced. This new system meant that working people had a small amount taken out of their wages which was put into the health care system, and if the worker was to fall ill then they would be able to avail of free health care, this was only for the worker though and not their spouse or children. (bbc) The First World War was one of the key events in the 20th century that highlighted the poor health of people living in Britain. The war put in place a need for an army of healthy young men as recruits, but this proved hard. The recruits were sent to war malnourished, meaning that they did not last long, and if they suffered an injury they were not strong enough to live. As no one knew how long the war was going to last there was a concentration on the health of pregnant woman and young men’s, as these would be the military of the future if the war was to continue. There were not many hospitals available for the people who needed them and it was only the wealthy that had access to them, as there no health care service like we have today, and the people had to pay for their medical care. The military were starting to come back from the war so there was an expansion in the number of hospitals being built as the conditions were still very poor in Britain, but these were solely for the use of the military soldiers. The Prime Minister at the time, Lloyd George promised a ‘home fit for heroes’ in 1918 and so the government set out the building of half a million homes by 1933. (bbc) A year later in 1919 the Ministry of Health was set up to look after the sanitation, health care and disease as well as the training of doctors, nurses, midwives and dentists. Dental care at the time was a huge issue, due to the malnourishment, people’s teeth were very poor and dental care did not really exist especially for the poorer people in society. Malnutrition continued to be a huge public health concern up until the Second World War with the introduction of rationing. This was a huge change to people’s lives and was implemented by the Ministry of Food in 1940. Rationing meant that each person could only buy a fixed amount of certain foods each week, and you had to hand over coupons from the family’s ration book. This reason behind rationing was because most of the food consumed in the UK and Ireland were imported from other countries, and this war proved to cause problems to this happening. During this war planes were used to drop bombs on ships and quite often the ships importing the fresh foods were bombed and the food destroyed, so this new rationing idea meant that everyone was able to gain access to the same amounts of fresh foods. Rationing is a concept that is still widely used today throughout the world by the army soldiers. The use of planes to drop bombs also caused a lot of destruction to people’s homes, many of them being destroyed, sometimes whole towns or cities were destroyed. During these troubling times people were expecting for their homes to be bombed so the government put in place a scheme for the children to be sent to the country where it would be safer for them. This was organised through ‘billeting officers’ and the children’s new homes were called ‘billets’. The children went to school and lived together until the war was over. The destruction, as bad as it was, gave the cities the opportunities to rebuild their homes to a better standard. In 1941 the British government commissioned a report into the ways that Britain should be rebuilt. William Beveridge, the director of the London School of Economics, was put in charge of the rebuilding. His report which was published in 1942 identified that there were five giant evils which would have to be overcome, these included; squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease. The Beveridge report has since formed much of the social legislation that we use today. Beveridge wanted to create a ‘cradle to grave’ health care system. The working people and the employers would still pay national insurance and for the service to be sustained more jobs would have to be created. In 1948 the NHS which we still have to this day was established. The NHS was an ambitious plan to bring healthcare to all people regardless of their social class or wealth or gender, and the healthcare would be free at the point of delivery. This was the first time that doctors, nurses, pharmacists, opticians and dentists would all work together. (NHS 2012) The 20th and 21st centuries saw a huge decline in the number of infectious diseases mortalities, and an increased life expectancy. One of the main reasons for this was the discovery of antibiotics in 1929, and the use of these in the 1940’s showed their true potential. Immunizations also came into practice and people had a better understanding of foods, and what foods improved health all contributing factors to people having better health. The NHS is still working to improve the health of its service users and it is working with many researching companies to find cures for the new diseases  that are developing. Although it is a great concept which has been active for over 60 years, the NHS is under a lot of stain and financial pressure. Due to the economic downturn there is less people working and so there is less national insurance being paid so there the NHS has less funding to provide the outstanding services that it does to the UK for free. The doctors and nurses are under almost intolerable pressure, and this is due to cuts in hospital beds, growing admissions and staff shortages. On 24th February, the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast became under so much pressure in its emergency department that extra staff had to be called in to deal with the escalating number of people seeking treatment, at one point there was more than 100 people waiting. This does not conquer the goals that the NHS had initially set out to achieve in 1948.

Rap VS Techno essays

Rap VS Techno essays Rap is a style of popular music with a pronounced beat. Techno is a style of popular music using electric equipment and synthesized repetitive sounds. Which is better? This essay is about the differences between the two and what type of music people listen to. Also how each one is acknowledged in society and how old people react to music these days compared to as in their youth days. Rap is a bunch of words put together to give meaning about an event, feeling or emotion. Good rappers like Eminem and Nelly use words that rhyme and give a significant meaning. These rappers reprimand words suddenly and sharply, which makes it so entertaining to many teenagers. Techno however does not necessary have words and it generally pronounces an electric beat. Many DJs use techno rather than rap for dancing since it has a beat and electric echoing for people to dance to. So which is most popular? Generally it depends on the individuals characteristics. For example a rough, swearing character is most likely to listen to rap. Because most rappers use vulgar words in their song. Concerned parents dont like their children to listen to that type of music because the rapper is giving a bad influence to kids. In July 2001 a wave of moral indignation was sweeping Australia over bad language, aggressive lyrics and a pending tour by the U.S. rap singer Eminem. The Australian Prime Minister has aired an opinion, saying that the rapper's lyrics were "sickening and offensive." Over big controversy the rapper was permitted to tour Australia and only people over the age of 18 were allowed to see him sing. In Eminems latest song Without me he uses good lyrics without too many vulgar words. The song is currently in number one place in the Australian top 50. The video clip is also different to his previous ones. He advises to a little boy, in his video clip that his new album is only for adul ts. ...

Using the Spanish Verb Jugar

Using the Spanish Verb Jugar Jugar is usually the equivalent of the English verb to play and is used in much the same way. Using Jugar With Games The most noticeable difference is that in standard Spanish the preposition a is used after jugar when jugar is used to refer to the playing of a specified game: Me gustarà ­a saber si en Belice juegan al fà ºtbol. (I would like to know if they play soccer in Belize.)Aprendemos a jugar al ajedrez. (We are learning to play chess.)Los estudiantes jugaron a la bolsa y no ganaron nada. (The students played the market and didnt earn anything.)El actor jugà ³ a la ruleta rusa con una pistola totalmente cargada. (The actor played Russian roulette with a fully loaded pistol.) In parts of Latin America, however, the a can be omitted when referring to athletic contests. The absence of the a is a regional variation and shouldnt be imitated in most areas. Jugar isnt used to refer to the playing of a musical instrument. For that, use tocar. Using Jugar With Con When followed by the preposition con, jugar sometimes carries a meaning similar to to manipulate or to play around with. The phrase sometimes suggests that someone isnt treating something (or someone) with due respect or diligence: Los chicos de cuatro aà ±os juegan con las palabras e inventan palabras e historias disparatadas. (Four-year-old children play with words and invent words and silly stories.)Jugaste con mis sentimientos, como juega el viento con la hoja. (You manipulated my feelings, like the wind toys with a leaf.)No voy a jugar con mi salud cuando lo que quiero es mejorarla. (Im not going to trifle with my health when what I want to do is make it better.)Chvez dijo que los banqueros privados jugaron con el dinero del pueblo. (Chvez said the private bankers gambled with the peoples money.) Standing by itself, jugar usually means simply to play: Jugaban todo el dà ­a. (They played all day.) The phrase jugar limpio is used to mean to play clean, that is, playing fairly, by the rules or otherwise in a commendable manner. The opposite, to play dirty, is jugar sucio. Using Jugar Reflexively In the reflexive form, if it doesnt mean to play together, jugarse usually suggests gambling or taking risks: Facebook y Twitter se juegan por lo ms popular. (Facebook and Twitter are competing to be the most popular.)Me juguà © la vida porque tenà ­a que triunfar. (I bet my life because I had to win.)Ellos se juegan mucho ms que nosotros. (Theyre risking a lot more than we are.) Remember that jugar is conjugated irregularly.

Apple Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Apple Supply Chain - Essay Example Apple Inc has able to develop a supply chain management that has been studied by most companies. With the recent earthquake in Japan, Apple is expected to face considerable supply issues but so far Apple has been able to survive the recent challenge. APPLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Apple supply chain management is unique in the sense that they manufacture the parts of their products in Asian countries, especially China, and assemble and market its product in California. Apple Supply Chain management is successful because of their successful outsourcing and the make-buy decision. ‘Outsourcing is defined as the contracting of one or more of the company’s business processes to an outside service provider to help increase shareholder value, by primarily reducing operating costs and focusing on core competencies’ (Kulkarni and Sharma, 2004). Apple has made great use of the outsourcing alternative by keepings its core competency, that is, its design and user interface wit hin the company while outsourcing the production. In this way, Apple has considerably reduced its operating costs through this process without compromising on its positioning as the best technology. Before proceeding further, we need to understand the typical movement of Apple products from the origin to the end users. Products such as the Apple iPod, iMac, iPhone etc are first designed in the Apple headquarters located in California. Once the team of designers develops the unique look and design for the product, the supply chain team in collaboration with the engineers and designers decides the suppliers for the particular product. Most of Apple’s products are manufactured at Foxxcon, a Taiwanese electronic company. This company is responsible for the products of the parts of iPhone while Apple keeps the original blue print of the product with itself to prevent any copyright issues (Xu, Tjoa and Chaudhry, 2007). Once the products are developed, they are shipped to Apple Inc. headquarters located in California. Thus, California assumes the responsibility of marketing and distributing the product. With the increase in demand of Apple products internationally, the products are distributed almost everywhere in the world including China, which is turning out to be the most developing market for Apple products. Thus, ‘Apple serves as the supply chain coordinator, integrator, and provider of operations best-practices, innovations, and strategies for all its partners’ (Simchi-Levi, 2010) THE MAKE-BUY DECISION For a supply chain to succeed in the best possible manner, the make-buy decision is the primary and most crucial decisions for the supply chain manager. The supply chain manager needs to be aware of the products that the company would be making and the products that the company would buy from other suppliers. This decision is based on the knowledge of the core competencies. Core competencies are those factors where the organization excels at and the key areas where the organization has able to develop a unique selling proposition (Monczka,  Handfield,   Guinipero,  Patterson and Walters , 2010). . In the case of Apple, the core competency is its design and the user interface it has developed for the consumers. The technology comes in part and parcel of the design while the actual production is secondary. When consumers buy Apple products,

Aviation rescue and fire fighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aviation rescue and fire fighting - Essay Example Technological advances have allowed Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting to meet the challenges that have come about with its primary function of rescuing passengers and the growing use of air transportation and larger aircraft. Aviation Rescue and Firefighting is unique in its function as at a time of an air crash the members of the Aviation Rescue and Firefighting team face the intense challenge of rescuing a possible of more than 400 passengers from within the aircraft, whose length could extend to ninety meters and a width of five meters. Starting with normal firefighting equipment and volunteers immediately after the Second World War, Aviation Rescue and Firefighting has taken giant strides to keep with the technological advancements that have caused air transportation to transform dramatically and the size of aircraft also to grow to very large extents. The job function calls for highly trained and skilled personnel operating with sophisticated firefighting and rescue equipment. (Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting Index). The main objective of Aviation Rescue and Firefighting is to save the life of the entrapped passengers from the burning aircraft and the protection of aircraft and surrounding buildings and vehicle remain a secondary objective at the time of an aircraft accident or incident. The fire hazard is extremely high and all times the need for extinguishing fires has to be at the forefront of the activities of the Aviation Rescue and Firefighting. Fires may happen when aircraft land and take off, or during an accident or when rescue operation are put into place. The rupture of the fuel tanks of the aircraft could lead to spillage of highly volatile and inflammable aviation fuels and other liquids used by aircrafts. The aviation fuel and inflammable liquids could easily burst into flames by coming in contact with hot metal parts of the aircraft, sparks caused by moving parts of the aircraft or from disruption of the electrical circuits present in the

Leader in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Leader in business - Essay Example The couple decided to send him to the New York Military Academy at the age of thirteen. The plan was to channel the teenage boy's unlimited energy into an avenue to achieve positive results. Before we get started with describing Donald Trump's personality, lets explore a major facet when identifying the various personalities of individuals. I believe that Donald's birthday has a lot to due with the shape and formation of his personality. There is an evidence of truth in the 12 astrological signs when it comes to the personalities and auras of people. Mr. Trump's birthday is June 14, 1964. According to the astrological calendar this means that he is born under Mythology, the planet Mercury rules Gemini. As you may know, Mercury, the messenger of the gods and always moved swiftly to and fro throughout the heavens and on earth delivering messages. It is this fact, along with this sign's desire to explore new things that keep people like this always on the move looking for new and interesting things. Also according to Athena Starwoman, the writer describing signs' traits and characteristics, people born under this sign also have, "The secret desire to be ahead." For now, lets take a look at the positive effects that sending him to the military academy had on developing his personality in the most influential years of his life. According to www.biography.com "Trump did well at the academy, both socially and academically, rising to be a star athlete and student leader by the time he graduated in 1964." Donald later went on to enter Fordham University. Eventually he finished his bachelor's degree in economics at the Wharton School of Finance, located in the University of Pennsylvania in 1968. His mentors, which were mentioned in the book entitled The Art of the Deal (Theodore Dobias and Major General John Brugmann) were obviously strong influences in the development of his personality and drive to win. It was his mother, in my opinion who gave the one single piece of advice, which was forever etched on the tablet of his heart. Written on an unnumbered page in the beginning of his book entitled How to Get Rich: Big deals from the star of The Apprentice, are the words of his dear mother. He terms it, 'The mother of All Advice.' These words are, "Trust in God, and be true to yourself." Underneath the quote, Donald reflects on his thoughts about the quote. In so many words he said that when he looked back on these words, it was some great advice, possibly some of the best advice in his life. He said at first, he really didn't get it but stuck to it because it sounded good. He concludes that, "It is good advice no matter what your business or lifestyle." Goodlow 3 These eight words are so powerful. One of the traits of successful people is that they always have a belief in a higher power that is at work in the universe operating through them. Take a look at people throughout various eras of history, from the most evil of men to the most benevolent of souls. Men as dark and sinister as Adolf Hitler and Ayatollah

Effects of Ketamine on the Human Body

Effects of Ketamine on the Human Body The desire to alter consciousness is a fundamental human trait. From being something impossible to finding numerous chemicals in controlling the mind, the process of discovery has also created opportunities for us to explore the effects and mind-tricks behind it. Just like any other new inventions in technology, there is always a path that leads to a wrong destination. The use of psychoactive drugs has turned into a trend amongst the younger generation, endangering both their own lives and the stability of the society. It has been said that this ingenious discover has benefited the forward of our medical industry; yet in our 21st century many have become a tool to escape from stress and reality. These so called party drugs are now produced in large amounts and distributed to young people at bars, nightclubs and house parties around the globe. The disastrous impact behind this irresponsible crime has led to thousands of innocent people condemned and forced to dwell in a living hell. Different people have their own definitions of the term abuse. It is hard to have a universal definition for the word as the bottom line of an individual is drawn upon their own decision. Therefore using the definition published by the World Health Organization, psychoactive substance abuse is defined as a maladaptive pattern of use indicated by continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent social, occupational, psychological or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by the use [or by] recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.  [1]  In addition, chronic abuse in this context will be defined as a relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences as well as neurochemical and molecular changes in the brain.  [2], in other words, chronic abuse is addiction. Addiction is mostly dependent on previously exposed rewards such as food, alcohol, sex, and in this case, on the psychoactive dru g Ketamine. http://www.tjipr.com/images/enji.jpg http://healthimpactnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/VariousPills-300225.jpg What is Ketamine? Psychoactive Drugs Before answering the above question, it is important to know how ketamine is categorized as a psychoactive drug and its evolvement in human history. The term psychoactive drug is used to describe any chemical substance that affects mood, perception or consciousness as a result of changes in the functioning of the nervous system (brain and spinal cord).  [3]  These drugs are often termed mind-altering because they change the perceptions and the behavior of the individual using them. Psychoactive drugs can be classified into seven different categories: stimulants, depressants, narcotics, cannabis, inhalants, hallucinogens and club drugs. Stimulants are mostly used to relieve tiredness and increase alertness. The most common stimulants are nicotine, which can be found in tobacco products, and caffeine, which is mixed in soft drinks and coffee. The more these drugs are consumed, the more our body will depend on it to maintain the desired effects. Cannabis acts in a similar way, only that it is a plant mainly in forms of marijuana and hashish. Depressants and Narcotics work in the opposite way. They are often used to dull senses and depress the functioning of the central nervous system. These two types of drugs are used medically as anesthetics and analgesics. Small doses of depressants may help more to relax muscles and produce calmness, while larger doses may cause difficulties with reflexes and judgement. Alcohol is a depressant which is widely found in our daily lives, and Narcotics such as opium and heroin are mostly used to relieve pain, yet a long-term dependence on these two may cause addiction and abuse. Hallucinogens and inhalants are synthetic drugs that distort the perception of reality and produce feelings of euphoria. These drugs may cause a short period of excitation and light headedness as it quickly acts on the body as it enters the bloodstream through inhalation. A good example of hallucinogenic drugs is Phencyclidine (PCP), which is mostly used as a sedative in operations before switching to Ketamine. Ketamine is the most common club drug found in the society nowadays. Club drugs have the effect of both stimulants and hallucinogens, and are most popular at party venues such as house parties and nightclubs among the younger generation. Other Club drugs include Ecstasy and Gamma-Hydroxybutryic Acid (GHB). The latter one is odorless and tasteless, therefore gaining the reputation as a date-rape drug as it may cause deep sleep a nd unconsciousness when administered with high dosage.  [4]   Ketamine As mentioned above, Ketamine was used to replace Phencyclidine (PCP) as an anesthetic medicine.  [5]  PCP  was originally tested as a surgical anesthetic in the 1950s.5 It is known as a  dissociative  anesthetic because it can make a person feel a sense of detachment, as if the mind is separated from the body.  [6]  PCP was used in veterinary medicine to anesthetize large animals, but was never approved for use in humans because many patients became agitated, delusional and irrational while recovering from their operations.  During 1960s, PCP was widely abused as it could be easily distributed in pill forms. The powdered form of PCP was developed in 1970s, commonly known as rocket fuel, superweed, etc. which is sprinkled on top of tobacco or marijuana for smoking. PCP  can be easily synthesized; as a result it is often sold off on streets as another drug such as mescaline or Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Due to the worse effects illustrated by patients after the use of PCP, Ketamine was developed in 1962 to replace PCP. It was first known as Cl-581, discovered by scientist Calvin Stevens. Ketamine was then tried in humans as an anesthetic for the first time by Professor Edward Domino, and this is what he said afterwards, Our findings were remarkable! The overall incidence of side effects was about one out of three volunteers. Frank emergence delirium was minimal. Most of our subjects described strange experiences like a feeling of floating in outer space and having no feeling in their arms or legs.   [7]   The successful effects soon encouraged the drug to be patented by the company Parke-Davis for use as an anesthetic in humans and animals. Nonetheless, Professor Domino described Ketamine as a potent psychedelic drug and named it as a dissociative an anesthesia. Ketamine was first used in large quantities in the Vietnam War by the USA Army, where it was used as an anesthesia for soldiers on field. Ketamines chemical structure, mechanism of action and effects are similar to those of PCP, but it acts for a shorter duration and is less potent than PCP. The drug provides dissociative anesthesia, which is a combination of analgesia with superficial sleep. This state is characterized by spontaneous ventilation, relative preservation of airway reflexes and hemodynamic stability, and explains why Ketamine has remained the anesthetic drug of choice in the developing world and for mass casualties in the field.  [8]  Ketamine is tasteless and odorless, so it can be added to food and drinks u ndetected. Because of this, the drug is sometimes used in sexual abuse at entertainment venues and therefore referred to as drug rape. Ketamine is known on the streets as special K, K and cat tranquilizer. Ketamine has plenty of other street names that have changed throughout the years. Originally it was known as rockmesc or mean green  [9]  , and then it evolved to numerous different slang names including Jet, Super K, Vitamin K, New Ecstasy, Honey oil, Mauve, Keller, Bump and Super Acid. Uses and effects of Ketamine exposure in medicine One of the most important happenings in the modern society is our breakthrough in the development of effective medicine for clinical procedures. Advances in technology has prospered the birth of new operation methods such as laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, enabling medical practitioners to increase efficiency to max, at the same time lowering the cost and risk of the procedure. These improvements have greatly ameliorated the side effects of conventional open surgery, allowing patients to heal faster with better comfort. Medicine becomes an indispensable need in our daily lives, and the more it improves, the more we rely on it. I have attended a medical lecture over the summer holidays on the background of surgery. The professor explained the four most important factors behind all the surgeries, namely the 4As: Anesthetics, Analgesics, Antibiotics and Antiseptics. Among these four, Ketamine has already covered two of these factors. Ketamine has several clinically useful properties, including analgesia and less cardiorespiratory depressant effects than other anesthetic agents  [10]  ; in fact it causes some stimulation of the cardiovascular system. Ketamine is soluble in water and is prepared with the sodium salt benzethonium chloride as a preservative. It is a basic compound and is dissolved in a solution of pH 3.5-5. The ketamine molecule contains an asymmetrical carbon atom with two optical isomers (enantiomers). The S (+) isomer is about three times more potent and longer acting as an anesthetic than the R (-) isomer. It is believed that the R (-) isomer is the part of the molecule that is the root o f the cause of some undesirable side effects.  [11]  Studies recently have shown that the S (+) Ketamine isomer is a stronger analgesic with a faster clearance and less side effects than the R (-). It has shown to provide a more rapid motor and sensory block, shorter duration and less motor blockade in elder males.  [12]  Ketamine interacts with N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA), opioid, monoaminergic, muscarinic receptors and voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels. However, unlike other general anesthetic agents, ketamine does not interact with GABA receptors. The NMDA receptor is a member of the glutamate receptor family. It is an example of an ion channel coupled receptor with excitatory properties which has been implicated in the mechanism of general anesthesia, analgesia and also in neurotoxicity. Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor which interferes with the action of excitatory amino acids  [13]  . In addition, at clinically relevant concentrations, ket amine interacts with the phencyclidine (PCP) binding site leading to significant inhibition of NMDA receptor activity. This only occurs when the calcium ion channel has been opened. Effects of Ketamine on our body We were always informed with purely the basic consequences of drug abusing. For instance, we were taught that drug abusing may cause serious damage to our body but what exactly is our body suffering from? Central Nervous System Ketamine is the only anesthetic available which has analgesic (pain relieving), hypnotic (sleep producing) and amnesic (short term memory loss) effects. When used correctly it is a very useful and versatile drug.  [14]  Clinically, Ketamine has been reported to produce not only general but also local anesthesia. Ketamines site of action is primarily in the thalamus and limbic systems. It does not suppress respiratory drive unless high doses are used, or smaller doses given rapidly. Unlike other anesthetic agents, patients who have had ketamine may have their eyes opened and make reflex actions during the operation; therefore it is not suitable for use in eye surgeries. However, use of ketamine increases the intracranial pressure, therefore patients who have recent head injuries should avoid using it to prevent further damage. The reason behind was that the rise in mean arterial pressure caused a rise in cerebral perfusion pressure and therefore intracranial pressure. Moreover ket amine is a very effective analgesia and may be used without other analgesics intraoperatively. Due to the frequent occurrence of hallucinations after operation, the patient may be in agitation during recovery. These can be reduced by premedication and by recovering the patient in a quiet area.  [15]   I recently read several medical research papers on the effect of anesthetics and sedatives for the developing brain. A study performed by Dr. John Olneys laboratory demonstrated widespread neuronal degeneration following the repeated administration of ketamine in newborn rats, as well as long-term decreases in neuronal density and impaired neurocognitive function in adulthood following an exposure to other anesthetic drugs.  [16]  It is further discovered that drugs used to provide clinical anesthesia and sedation are thought to affect proper formation of the central nervous system as it interferes the NMDA-type glutamate receptor function. Moreover, several studies have examined the effects of Ketamine on the developing brain of monkeys and have observed widespread neuronal cell death following the administration of multiple doses up to 75mg/kg.  [17]  Another study by Dr. Fredriksson and colleagues demonstrated that a single ketamine exposure of 50mg/kg in new-born mice cau sed abnormal behavior and impaired learning and memory acquisition in adolescence. Experimental data also indicate that NMDA glutamate receptor agonists and GABA receptor antagonists trigger cell death.  [18]   As laboratory investigation on humans is not allowed, scientists may only conduct their research on rats and monkeys. The potential mechanism of anesthetic neurotoxicity is still under investigation; however, it is further complicated by the lack of understanding of exact mechanisms of consciousness and anesthesia. Therefore these results may only be interpreted as a reference to the effects that relate back to ketamine abuse. Respiratory System By using ketamine, the airway is usually well maintained as the airway reflexes and skeletal muscle tone are relatively preserved. Aspiration is a potential hazard despite the retention of protective reflexes. Ketamine is an effective bronchodilator and its action may be mediated either via an increase in blood catecholamine or by its direct smooth muscle relaxant effect.  [19]  When ketamine is given slowly respiration is usually well maintained, after rapid intravenous injection the breathing may stop for a short while but usually restarts within a minute.  [20]  Because of this, ketamine becomes a very useful anesthetic agent in places where there is only limited oxygen available. Cardiovascular System Ketamine is able to increase both blood pressure and heart rate. These variables reach a peak 2-4 minutes after an intravenous injection, then slowly decline to normal values over the next 10-20 minutes. Ketamine produces its cardiovascular effects by stimulating the central sympathetic nervous system and, to a lesser extent, by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine at sympathetic nerve terminals. Individual responses may vary occasionally as there can be a large rise in blood pressure. This risk is not related to a preoperative history of hypertension, but related to the usage of ketamine. This may increase the workload of the heart; hence ketamine should be avoided in those patients with ischemic heart disease. Induced bladder dysfunction Bladder dysfunction associated with ketamine abuse was first voiced out in 2007 by researchers in Canada and Hong Kong. Dr. Shahani and his team presented a series of 9 patients who are all daily ketamine users presented with dysuria, frequency, urgency and frank hematuria. The CT scans revealed a thickened bladder wall, small capacity bladder and perivescicular stranding.  [21]  Dr. Chu and his team presented a series of ten patients with severe bladder dysfunction following regular ketamine abuse. From the statistics of their research, all patients had severe lower urinary tract symptoms and small functional bladder capacity varying from 20 to 200mls.  [22]  A scan of the bladder (cystoscopy) also revealed that the epithelial layer of the bladder has inflammation.  [23]  These reports were from Hong Kong and Canada where ketamine is a popular drug. Dr. Cottrell and his team reported nine patients presenting with similar urinary symptoms and cystoscopy findings following chronic ketamine usage.  [24]  These symptoms are currently left unexplained, but with increasing popularity of the drug in the younger generation, more and more ketamine users could present with ketamine induced bladder dysfunction. As we can see from the above effects, ketamine is already able to induce a lot of problems for our body and affects the whole body system when it responses to the drug in medical uses. Some may be beneficial, but most can cause severe damage to our body, so why is ketamine still on the streets endangering our future generations? Ketamine in our society Back in Hong Kong, I often hear reports from the public media reporting that the police force discovers another drug dealing club/bar with underage drinking and drug abuse. Although we were educated with the basics of the consequences of drug abuse, one simply will not be able to know thoroughly about the essential damage that the drug does to the body. Take smoking as an example: Tobacco has existed for centuries, and people nowadays have beautifully wrapped cigarettes packed in delicate boxes. They can easily gain access to buying one of this highly toxic substance back home for their own enjoyment and pleasure. Putting aside the lack of awareness in the old days, nowadays all the education systems around the globe include the effects of smoking into our classes, no matter taught in Liberal Studies or specifically Biology, most people who have received education are equipped with the basic knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking. Even packages of cigarettes are posted with phot os of the disastrous effects of smoking, for example, a photo of a dissected lung of a chronic smoker, still does not stop smokers from getting on with their habit. In the 1970s, the drug was approved by the FDA to be used clinically on children and adults, yet at the same time it also started to flow into drug markets in public. Most of them were firstly sold by hospital staff; later on it became trendy to produce it in large amounts to divert ketamine into wider population. Over the past 20 years, Ketamine has emerged as a testing replacement for PCP to one of the most popular party drugs at underground parties and raves. In the late 20th century, the drug has already gained its reputation around the globe as one of the mainstream dance culture drugs in society. In the year 1999, The Drug Enforcement Agency in the United Sates made ketamine a schedule three drug. This means that this particular drug is illegal to buy or sell without a prescription.  [25]  Ketamine is considered to be a Class C drug in the UK and Mexico, the equivalent of a schedule three in the United States; and schedule one in Canada. It was legal to possess ketamine in England, Scotland and Wales before 2006. Most countries currently have ketamine under controlled substance act in which it can be used as a medication but not recreationally, for instance ketamine is regulated under Schedule 1 of Hong Kong Chapter 134 of Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. It can only be used legally by health professionals, for university research purposes, or with a physicians prescription.  [26]   Taking the data of ketamine abuse in Hong Kong, in recent years, it has become more common among the teens. In Hong Kong, since 2005 it has become the commonest drug of abuse among persons aged 21 years or less; compared to the first three quarters of 2005, the number of ketamine abusers among teenagers has doubled in the first three quarters of 2008.  [27]  In 2008, ketamine abuse constituted 85% of all kinds of drug abuse among persons aged below 21 years, compared to 61% in 2005. Also, data collected by the Hospital Authority Hong Kong Poison Information Centre (HKPIC) showed that ketamine abusers represented 16% of all drug abusers attending accident and emergency departments in the period of 1 July 2005 to 31 December 2005, while the proportion rose to 40% in the period of 1 January 2008 to 30 June, indicating a steep increase of the number of ketamine abusers.  [28]   Solutions? The reason I decided to put a question mark after this sub topic is because there is no concrete evidence that the treatments I list below will 100% cure the patient. To overcome the psychological dependence on ketamine, the ultimate factor during the process will be the patients endurance and willpower. Without consistency to finish the whole course of treatment is no different to receiving no treatment. Just like antibiotics, you have to finish the whole course in order to fully recover from your illness. We live in an inconsistent and contradictory society. On the bright side, we advise the society not to abuse drugs and say no to the people who sell or offer them to you; yet on the other hand, medical practitioners are encouraging us to take medicine that might cause similar effects and consequences as drugs like ketamine. While we tell young people that ketamine is illegal and dangerous for their health, we ignore to a large extent the bad effects that alcohol has on health, thus making it legal even if it has devastating effects on our body as well. The world has slowly turned into a place where benefits and money take hierarchy over the health of the public. There is an increase in frequent reports of making fake milk powder and eggs, as well as drug manufacturers such as the recent incident of Contergan taking the blame of causing Phocomelia in infants whose parents had taken the medicine. One of the main reasons that ketamine is still one of the most popular party drugs nowaday s is due to the commercial income it brings when it comes to selling and buying. Drug dealing is happening around the globe every day, and what attracts people to do it is not the drug, but the money. Values have been overthrown by the nature of human kind, where selfishness topples conscience in the business world, no matter legal or illegal. Laws and regulations are developed over time to control the extent of these shameful behaviors, yet ultimately there is no thorough solution to this problem. Most societies are uncomfortable with people going off into trance and hallucinatory intoxications, and indeed setting up the laws against the usage and possession of drugs are to discourage people from falling into those in-built worlds of their own. But innate, neuropsychological changes in a persons body cannot be controlled by legislation. Provided that they have the desire to take the drug, they will always be satisfied by themselves. Alcohol may no longer fulfill the need for teenagers to take off from reality into their virtual world of desires after they become fully exposed to it, and slowly they turn to seek stronger effects by trying out drugs like marijuana and ketamine. As they become satisfied with the effects given by the drugs, trying gradually becomes abusing. They start to develop unwise behavior as they reckon that the feeling is brought by the pills rather than from their own nervous systems getting into trouble when the pills no longer work so well. Their drug abuse becomes more frequent and compulsive, yet with less reward. This misconception is the first step to developing drug dependence, no matter whether the drug is marijuana or ketamine or if it produces physiological dependence or not. Dependence on the drug cannot be broken until the misconception is cleared. Drug abusers live on their own reasons to continue, and only those who realize that he/she has been using the drug merely as an excus e for having an experience that is superficial comes to see that the drugged state is not exactly the same with the experience he/she wants. Alternatively, they will start looking for ways that may fulfill the slight desire to lift up from reality, such as meditation and sleeping. If we look in closely to the successful examples of quitting drugs: Many drug abusers give up drugs for consciousness, but little gives up consciousness for drugs. Conclusion We see people travelling through time and going into the mind of others to retrieve thoughts and ideas in fiction and movies, and it is definitely something that I would love to do as well. Yet is it possible to live in dreams and neglect whats really happening in the world we exist in? By altering the state of our consciousness, our brain is simply sending the wrong signal back to ourselves, putting us into a world of our own desires and fantasies. Ketamine can definitely achieve this, but after the short-lived dreams disappear, we will only fall deeper into the K-hole and become more dependent on the drug. We must be clear about the severe effects and consequences that ketamine brings to the individual and the society, and reiterate these problems to the public to prevent further abuse of it. Psychoactive drugs will always be present as a part of our life. The society needs to recognize the problems caused by the misuse of ketamine and deal with them immediately in an open and realistic way. Drug abuse is now connected with other social problems as well, such as social deprivation or family issues. We actually do not know whether the people who abuse it really likes it, but all we need to know is how ketamine can vastly change a persons life when you become addicted to it. From the medical research evidence shown, ketamine can really ruin your life when you are associated with it, yet why blame the drug when it is down to you to choose the reality or to stay in the dreams built by your own desires?