Free Essays on The Issue Of Slavery Due To Colonialism In Aphra Behns Oroonoko

The Issue of Slavery Due to Colonialism In Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko The combined issues of slavery and colonialism are evident in Aphra Behn’s story, Oroonoko or The Royal Slave A True History. The impact of slavery and displacement of the enslaved leads to various negative effects such as feelings of inferiority as a race, loss of cultural history, and distrust and resentment of another race as a whole. When a group of people are enslaved and taken from their native countries, they start to lose their cultural identity and become little more than pieces of property instead of human beings with their own hopes and dreams. Although most of the African slaves were captured and put on ships, the way Oroonoko was captured was especially deceptive. Oroonoko and his people were very susceptible to the lies they were told because the people of their country pride themselves in being honest and true to their word. Behn describes how both the Indians of Surinam and Oroonoko greatly valued honesty. To the Indians, a man who broke his word was referred to as a liar, â€Å"†¦which was a word of infamy to a gentleman.†(2153) After Oroonoko was led onto the boat and recovered from his drunken state, he believed the captain’s promise that Oroonoko would be released at the next place they landed. Behn writes, †And Oroonoko, whose honor was such as he never had violated a word in his life himself, much less a solemn asseveration, believed in an instant what the man had said†.(2169) This deception leads the Africans to distrust their newfound masters, a concept that was new to them. This in turn led the slaves to act deceptively in an effort to escape. When deception and dishonesty is introduced to people who have never experienced it before, it starts a cycle of dishonesty. This is proven when Oroonoko finally decides to take revenge on his oppressors. Why should the A fricans be honest and upright people when they have been brought... Free Essays on The Issue Of Slavery Due To Colonialism In Aphra Behn's Oroonoko Free Essays on The Issue Of Slavery Due To Colonialism In Aphra Behn's Oroonoko The Issue of Slavery Due to Colonialism In Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko The combined issues of slavery and colonialism are evident in Aphra Behn’s story, Oroonoko or The Royal Slave A True History. The impact of slavery and displacement of the enslaved leads to various negative effects such as feelings of inferiority as a race, loss of cultural history, and distrust and resentment of another race as a whole. When a group of people are enslaved and taken from their native countries, they start to lose their cultural identity and become little more than pieces of property instead of human beings with their own hopes and dreams. Although most of the African slaves were captured and put on ships, the way Oroonoko was captured was especially deceptive. Oroonoko and his people were very susceptible to the lies they were told because the people of their country pride themselves in being honest and true to their word. Behn describes how both the Indians of Surinam and Oroonoko greatly valued honesty. To the Indians, a man who broke his word was referred to as a liar, â€Å"†¦which was a word of infamy to a gentleman.†(2153) After Oroonoko was led onto the boat and recovered from his drunken state, he believed the captain’s promise that Oroonoko would be released at the next place they landed. Behn writes, †And Oroonoko, whose honor was such as he never had violated a word in his life himself, much less a solemn asseveration, believed in an instant what the man had said†.(2169) This deception leads the Africans to distrust their newfound masters, a concept that was new to them. This in turn led the slaves to act deceptively in an effort to escape. When deception and dishonesty is introduced to people who have never experienced it before, it starts a cycle of dishonesty. This is proven when Oroonoko finally decides to take revenge on his oppressors. Why should the A fricans be honest and upright people when they have been brought...

How to Write a Press Release

How to Write a Press Release How to Write a Press Release If your business has news to share, you can do so via a press release. But what exactly goes into a good press release? And how can you write one? Check out our tips below to find out. 1. Pick an Eye-Catching Headline Press releases are designed to get your business in the news, so treat them like a news story. And one thing that every good news story has is an eye-catching headline. Ideally, this will let the people you contact know exactly what your press release is about and why it is important. Try to keep your headline punchy, too. If you need more space to give extra detail, you can add a subheading after the main one. 2. Think About Your Goals The content of your press release will depend on what you want to achieve. Are you promoting an event? Letting customers or clients know about a change in your business? Think about: How your news affects your business and those involved What you want readers to take away from your press release How you want people to act upon this information If you can focus on these details, your press releases will be more effective. Make sure, too, to mention all the key players involved (e.g., staff, stakeholders, clients, and customers). 3. Make It Quotable Journalists love it when you make their lives easier. So if you want to get coverage from your press release, try to include the following: Soundbites from key players such as the company owner or CEO Statistics related to your news (e.g., number of sales, revenue increases) Any images you want used alongside your news Journalists can then use these when writing up the press release as news. 4. Pick the Perfect Time The timing of your press release is almost as important as its content. But the best time for a press release will depend on what you are writing about: When it is about something that has just happened, release it as soon as possible afterwards. If possible, write a draft version in advance. If it is about an upcoming event, send it 3-5 days before you need coverage. You may also want to include an embargo date for publication. In addition, it is usually best to send press releases first thing in the morning (e.g., 9am) when journalists will be checking their emails. On a similar note, the best days to send press releases are usually Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday (never send one on Friday before the weekend). Summary: How to Write a Press Release When writing press releases, keep the following tips in mind: Write an eye-catching headline to grab the reader’s attention Think about your goals and tailor its content accordingly Provide statistics and quotes from key players for journalists to use Think about the best date and time to send out your press release And don’t forget to get your business documents proofread! Click here to see our example press release.

Marxist Interpretation of Hairstyles of the Damned Essay

Marxist Interpretation of Hairstyles of the Damned - Essay Example Gretchen is an overweight tom-boy, rude, ballsy and punk rocker who â€Å"wasn't the most feminine girl in the world, sincerely,† always involved in fights and is in love with a 26-year old (Meno 4). Brian tries to make her a mix-tape which results in their separation for some time. This struggle for identification recurs in the whole novel as Brian tries to define himself among his peers who have distinct traits that places them is particular classes. The Marxist literary theory attributes such traits to historical forces which shape the environment, character traits of the inhabitants and the language and writing style of the author. Therefore, there are forces that guide the traits and values of the teenagers in the setting which also lead to conflicts among various classes. Siegel defines the Marxist literary theory as a sociological approach in literature that considers the works in question as a result of historical forces whose analysis could be achieved by considering the material conditions that led to its formation. The general focus is on the conflict between the repressed and dominant classes at any age, encouraging art to imitate the objective reality. ‘Hairstyles of the Damned’ provides a perfect example of conflict in different classes due to what the society has upheld over time, particularly among the teenagers. The novel supports the fact that the environment plays an important role in shaping what one would uphold with high esteem and probably consider trendy and fashionable. In the novel, Brian’s lifestyle is shaped differently by the friends he meets and bonds with. As an outsider, it becomes hard for him to make friends and only befriends outsiders like him including Rod, Mike, Dorie and Nick who shape his path towards finding himself and the values in life. Encountering different friends, it would be noted that in every section of the novel, Brian would have his favorite music from different genres in line with what the peers upheld with high regard. The environment further classified them into blacks and whites, cheerleaders and jocks, outcasts and rich kids, burnouts and punks, which shaped her mind and what he would perceive as the desired lifestyle. Gretchen for instance had all she wanted and that is why Brian noted that â€Å"she did the things I wish I could do but didn't have the guts to† (Meno 15). The characters in the narration are young with and the adults therein immature. Their major interest is in sex, music, bands, clothing and less on schoolwork. Brian secured a job but co-worker issues stumbled his way. In his racial neighborhood, the parents are less caring and uninvolved in his proper upbringing. This causes teenage aimlessness and indulgence into pop culture without regard for how this causes loss of individuality. The neon colored hair was adored among the young and every other teenager would try to fit into this cultural definition of being in a high social cl ass. Brian seemed to adore characters like Bobby B., a kid from his neighborhood, a year older than him and a senior who â€Å"always had about five pairs of girls’ underwear from girls he had made with† (Meno 10). The author glorifies some material aspects of the characters that would appeal to teens like Bobby’

Innovation - apple Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Innovation - apple - Assignment Example Smooth and quick flow of information, rapid advancement of technology and highly customer centric behaviour of Apple makes it one of the most successful business organizations in the industry. Recently Apple has launched its new product, iPhone 5C and iPhone 5S. The company had to overcome their traditional box of ideas so as to come up with new developments. However, Apple’s CEO, Tim Cook, currently emphasises on the development of its existing products, instead of creating a whole new generation of ideas for innovating new products. In this paper, the context of creativity and innovation by Apple would be studied in detail to understand the factors that affect the level of market performance by the company. 2.0 Literature review Creativity and innovation are the most important buzz words in the current business world. Companies are trying to become more creative and improve their innovative ideas in order to maintain their competitive position in the market. However, these t wo concepts are not identical. They refer to different aspects of organizational development. Creativity refers to the capability of individuals to create new ideas or hypothesize new facts. This is the change in people’s â€Å"perception of reality† (Iny and Brabandere, 2013). Innovation, on the other hand, is the â€Å"change in reality† (Iny and Brabandere , 2013). In case of innovation, new ideas that have been created are taken up and worked upon to turn it into reality. For example, the idea of development of the idea of a new kind phone led to the creation of the first concept of iPhone. With this new idea, the iPhone has been created. Once the new iPhone is created, Apple could make various changes in the original product. The company has made different iterations of the iPhone by altering their own understanding of the product possibilities thereby changing the understanding of the customers regarding the facilities that can be offered by a mobile phone . Although this fundamental difference exists between creativity and innovation, these two concepts represent two very important facets of any organization. Creative thinking leads to an innovative product. Hence, it is not possible for any firm to move ahead by making innovative activities, if they lack creative talent amongst their employees. 2.1 Creativity and innovation Innovation is one of the key drivers of growth for any organization in the 21st century business world. Innovation allows the companies to invent new methods in which they might be able to grow in future. Innovation is not a skill that a company can develop within a short period of time through training. It has to have the knack, creative mind set of employees and risk taking attitude to invent new products, or strategies to serve its customer better. This in turn improves the company performance and its market share. This implies that, creativity and innovation is present within the organizational culture and is a part of its fundamental view towards growth. For an organization to be creative and innovative, it

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Urban consolidation is a rising issue in amny capital cities and could have a dramatic effect on the environmental sustainability of Australian cities in the near and distant future. â€Å"Urban consolidation policies concentrate on increasing housing densities in the large cities to produce more compact development, shorter travel distances and less dependence on automobiles. † (Forster 2004, p. 171). Some of the main negative issues that is caused by urban consolidation are a drop in value of pre-existing suburban housing, an overload of public resources in over-crowded cities and traffic and transport inconviences. There are many benefits to urban consolidation which involve lower short term envirnomental impacts and high levels of convience, but at the same time there are many disadvantages which are discussed in this essay. The policies of urban consolidation are surrounded by the idea of building large cities upwards, rather than outwards. This means that they are focussing on constructing multi-story facilities close to the centre of the cities. â€Å"more compact development would reduce the rate at which urban expansions consumes good agricultral land and threatens sensitive natural environments† (Forster 2004, p. 71). Existing housing urban housing and facilities must be demolished to make way for new high rise structures. This indicates that for many australians who have worked hard to buy/own their own home in the inner suberbs of major cities, it will be a struggle for them, due to the fact that their house/dwelling or property will decrease in value. As the population increases, the total of vehicles increases aswell. â€Å"In 1945 there were 100 cars per 1000 people, by 1970 there were almost 500 cars per 1000 people†(Forster 2004, p. 17), this will cause traffic congestion within the cities. As a result of traffic congestion, pollution levels will increase. This will negatively affect peoples health and well being. Along with the inconviences of urban consolidation on the everyday lifestyle, health issues can also be inflated. Childhood obesity is more likely to occur in children that were raised in areas of urban consolidation rather than a child raised in a suburban area, â€Å"urban sprawl communities separate people’s homes from stores, offices, services and restaurants. This makes it nearly impossible for people to carry out their errands, sporting activities or go to work without using their car†(Lopez 2004). This is largly due to the fact that children raised in urban consolidation generally have little access to large parks and playgrounds and would have to go out of their way to be highly active on a regular basis, where as children in suburban areas have access to these large parks and outdoor play areas. There can be many negatives with living in an urban consolidated area which can be an overcrowding in kindergarden and schools, lengthy waiting lists to seek medical attention and a possible need to travel further distances to get to bigger and better-equipped shopping districts. These needs negate the value of urban consolidation in that if many people will still be required to travel moderate or lengthy distances to access facilities then they would be better off to live further into the suberbs where the shops/facilities are well equipped. In conclusion, the policies of urban consolidation would be highly beneficial and have great outcomes in all major Australian cities if the preceding measures were taken care of prior or at the same time to taking action against urban sprawl. Although there are some positives to urban consolidation, such as lower automobile dependance and increased convinience, the many negatives outweigh them. In the long term the policies of urban consolidation may benefit some major cities in australia, but given the current situation in which many cities are not developing at the same rate as urban consolidation is affecting them, it stands that urban consolidation is not the answer to environmental sustainability for Australian cities.

Manufacturing :: essays research papers

Luke Lindsey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mana 156- behavior and Org. 02055325  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Case analysis 1 10-23-0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mega Manufacturing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mega Manufacturing is a manufacturer of sports shoes for men and women. They are investigating each department in order to cut back on spending in order to eliminate wastes of resources. One potential waste is coming from the cutting department. The waste of material is costing the company monitory resources that could further benefit the company if allocated elsewhere. Several solutions have been discovered with the cutting process but if the problem were to be solve d there is both a salary saving and the elimination of waste, in this particular department. However the solution lies with the employees of this department and the solution will cost some of them their jobs. The variables effecting the disclosure of this information vary from one's need for monitory income, to the esteem of the position. Management is facing several possible decisions that include employee employment assurance to cost savings and company bottom line figures. Their decisions are foun ded on management decisions, employee motivations and resistance to innovations and the notion of getting these resistant employees to adopt the innovations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the management decisions regarding the cutting process and the problems that are associated with them. The notion that the skilled workers of the cutting department are aware of a solution to the problem with the breaking dies indicates that there is a solution to the problem. On the standpoint of the company, investigation into the proper use and successful completion of the cut using the die needs to be resolved. The die eliminates wastage and will speed up productivity of the cutting process. It will also make the individual machine operator more efficient which will conclude with the elimination of several positions may allocated more resources previously spent on employee salaries. This cost savings will free up allocations previously spent on overhead and allocated to other departments that may increase spending in order to increase sales, or add more to the stockholders bottom line. As a machine operator aware of this notion that relinquishing this i nformation could cost him/her their job, there needs to be some cause for hesitation. The workers are paid on an hourly base so the increase of efficiency will also allow management the ability to cut hours, which will also hurt the workers. If faced with this dilemma I would have to first find out if the solution the breaking dies were legit.

Othello

In the play Othello Ago states his anger towards Moor Othello to Ordering. His anger Is justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above him and Ago gives the notion that his wife had an affair with Othello. For these reasons Ago manipulated the people around him to the point where each could not tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws In their character in order to create success. Ago has always held a grudge towards Michael Cassia for stealing the Job he wanted.Michael Cassia has but one flaw that of which is drinking. At a party to honor the Moor's marriage and the victory of war Ago highlights this flaw. With the words â€Å"If I can fasten but one cup upon him, With that which he hath drunk tonight already†¦ (Shakespeare 45)† Ago gets Cassia drunk. Cassia Is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Email says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal It†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Toeholds wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are lust some of the flaws Ago exploited in his journey to get what he wanted. Getting Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Sago's plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love thee; But never more be officer of mine†¦ (Shakespeare 51)†. No longer is Cassia in the job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood.Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his Supposed' reined Ordering as well. Ago however says â€Å"Now whether he kill Cassia, Or Cassia him, or each do kill the other, Every way makes my gain†¦ (Shakespeare 97)†. This illustrates that he does not care which of them dies for either way he will gain success. In the end Sago's plan i s a success even after all the lies and manipulations have been brought to light. He managed to get all of his enemies killed except for the person he wanted from the very beginning: Michael Cassia.Who in the end of the play Othello would be in charge of the punishment imposed upon him. Ago prevailed by harboring what makes each person weak and then using that weakness against them. Othello By Muslim is Justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws in drunk. Cassia is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Emilie says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal it†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Othello wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are just some of the flaws Ago exploited in his Journey to get what he wanted. Gett ing Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Lagos plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love the Job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood. Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his ‘supposed' In the end Lagos plan is a success even after all the lies and manipulations have Othello In the play Othello Ago states his anger towards Moor Othello to Ordering. His anger Is justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above him and Ago gives the notion that his wife had an affair with Othello. For these reasons Ago manipulated the people around him to the point where each could not tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws In their character in order to create success. Ago has always held a grudge towards Michael Cassia for stealing the Job he wanted.Michael Cassia has but one flaw that of which is drinking. At a party to honor the Moor's marriage and the victory of war Ago highlights this flaw. With the words â€Å"If I can fasten but one cup upon him, With that which he hath drunk tonight already†¦ (Shakespeare 45)† Ago gets Cassia drunk. Cassia Is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Email says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal It†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Toeholds wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are lust some of the flaws Ago exploited in his journey to get what he wanted. Getting Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Sago's plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love thee; But never more be officer of mine†¦ (Shakespeare 51)†. No longer is Cassia in the job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood.Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his Supposed' reined Ordering as well. Ago however says â€Å"Now whether he kill Cassia, Or Cassia him, or each do kill the other, Every way makes my gain†¦ (Shakespeare 97)†. This illustrates that he does not care which of them dies for either way he will gain success. In the end Sago's plan i s a success even after all the lies and manipulations have been brought to light. He managed to get all of his enemies killed except for the person he wanted from the very beginning: Michael Cassia.Who in the end of the play Othello would be in charge of the punishment imposed upon him. Ago prevailed by harboring what makes each person weak and then using that weakness against them. Othello By Muslim is Justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws in drunk. Cassia is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Emilie says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal it†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Othello wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are just some of the flaws Ago exploited in his Journey to get what he wanted. Gett ing Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Lagos plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love the Job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood. Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his ‘supposed' In the end Lagos plan is a success even after all the lies and manipulations have Othello In the play Othello Ago states his anger towards Moor Othello to Ordering. His anger Is justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above him and Ago gives the notion that his wife had an affair with Othello. For these reasons Ago manipulated the people around him to the point where each could not tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws In their character in order to create success. Ago has always held a grudge towards Michael Cassia for stealing the Job he wanted.Michael Cassia has but one flaw that of which is drinking. At a party to honor the Moor's marriage and the victory of war Ago highlights this flaw. With the words â€Å"If I can fasten but one cup upon him, With that which he hath drunk tonight already†¦ (Shakespeare 45)† Ago gets Cassia drunk. Cassia Is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Email says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal It†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Toeholds wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are lust some of the flaws Ago exploited in his journey to get what he wanted. Getting Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Sago's plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love thee; But never more be officer of mine†¦ (Shakespeare 51)†. No longer is Cassia in the job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood.Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his Supposed' reined Ordering as well. Ago however says â€Å"Now whether he kill Cassia, Or Cassia him, or each do kill the other, Every way makes my gain†¦ (Shakespeare 97)†. This illustrates that he does not care which of them dies for either way he will gain success. In the end Sago's plan i s a success even after all the lies and manipulations have been brought to light. He managed to get all of his enemies killed except for the person he wanted from the very beginning: Michael Cassia.Who in the end of the play Othello would be in charge of the punishment imposed upon him. Ago prevailed by harboring what makes each person weak and then using that weakness against them. Othello By Muslim is Justified by Othello having promoted a man named Michael Cassia to a rank above tell the truth from the lies. Ago was able to solidify his web of deceit from flaws in drunk. Cassia is not the only person to have their flaws exploited. Ago uses his wife's flaws marriage and attraction to get control over her. Emilie says â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times Who'd me to steal it†¦ Shakespeare 65)† as she steals token of love from Othello wife Desman that Othello had given her. These are just some of the flaws Ago exploited in his Journey to get what he wanted. Gett ing Cassia drunk led to him getting into a fight at the party with which Othello walked in on. Lagos plan gained success from this incidence by Othello words â€Å"l love the Job that Ago had been passed over for. But, this victory does not stop Ago; he desires blood. Although, he does not Just want Cassia to die but also his ‘supposed' In the end Lagos plan is a success even after all the lies and manipulations have

Describe the origins of public health in the UK Essay

Public health was best described by the Yale professor Winslow in 1920 who described it as ‘the art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health’. Public health covers a range of areas, and is constantly having to be changed to keep up with the changing health needs of the public. (Fleming, M. and Parker, E. (2009) An introduction to Public Health Churchill Livingston Elsevier: Australia) During the Victorian Era, public health was not an issue that was dealt with by the government. There weren’t public hospitals, and only those from a wealthy background were able to access medical care. There was no such thing as vaccinations as there was very few educated on health, and many people died from diseases and infections in all classes, that now a day are easily treated. The people of this time were very uneducated about personal hygiene care and knew nothing about the spread of diseases. The people based their beliefs on their interpretations of what they saw going on around them. Due to the lack of knowledge it was believed if someone died it was because they were, for example, possessed by a daemon or they were a witch. In today’s society we have the understanding and science to allow us insight into the real reasons that people die and get unwell, we know that illness are not caused because someone is a witch. During the 19th century there was many factories built which offered jobs to many people, so many people moved from the country to be near the factories as the transport systems were so poor. This meant that there was large numbers of people living in small areas. Though when the people began work in the factories, they soon realised that all was not as good as they had hoped for. In today’s world we have a far better transport network which means people can live in less confined areas, and they can travel easily to reach their places of work. Long working hours, poor wages and bad nutrition meant that people’s health started to decline, and it was in fact the more rural living people that lived longer. People were paid such bad wages and there was no benefits system in place, so when people were unable to afford a house for them and their families they were sent to the workhouse which was a last resort, in the workhouse people never got out alive, all dying shortly after they entered due to the vast amount of sickness that was there. Children went to work in the factories as soon as they were old enough, about 8 years old, and the woman also went to work in the factories as well as caring for the sick. This meant that the death rate in woman and children was especially low. In 1833 the Factory Act was put into place. This act was to regulate the working hours of woman and children, it took a long time to be implemented but it was a step towards the regulation of working conditions. Today is it illegal for a child to work until they reach the age of 16, and woman get paid leave from their jobs when they have a baby, this has meant that children are able to go to school and get an education and grow physically and intellectually instead of going to work from they can walk. During this time there was no such thing as building controls, so the homes in which people lived were of bad conditions, they were overcrowded and did not have any sanitation such as running water or sewage facilities. A six bedroom house would have had 6 large families living in it, one family per room. This meant that people had to take turns sleeping and infection spread easily, due to lack of sanitation. In today’s society we have building control who ensure that ll homes are fit for purpose and most people have their own bedroom, rather than one family to a bedroom. The life expectancy of someone living at this time and working in one of these factories was around the age of 22. The life expectancy for tradesmen was 27, men had a higher life expectancy that woman, and the upper class had a life expectancy of 45 as they were not subjected to the reality of the slums and factories. In today’s society the life expectancy of woman is 5 to 10 years longer than it is for men. This is mainly due to the fact that woman look after their health better and are more regular users of going to the doctors than men are. Woman are also more likely to talk to their friends if they think that they have something wrong where as men are not big talkers when it comes to their health. During the Victorian Era 60’000 to 70’000 people during every decade from tuberculosis and the numbers dying from it decreased and in recent years it was thought to completely be eradicated. The health service then made the decision not to vaccinate people for the disease because there had been no numbers of death from it, but this has not been the case and people have begun to tract it again and there are people dying from it. (bbc 2011) In 2011, 8,963 cases of TB were reported in the UK. (NHS 2012) No toilet facilities or sewage system meant that people chucked their waste out to the street, not knowing the consequences that untreated waste would have on their health. The water that the waste was thrown into was the same water that vermin and other animals lived in; this water was also used by the families for cooking and drinking which meant there was a serious spread of infections. Cholera is a water born disease which claimed the lives of thousands of people living during the 19th century, the symptoms include; stomach pains, vomiting, diarrhoea and the skin turning blue. Dr John Snow, who is now a famous figure in history, was the first person to make the connection that cholera spread through the water. He was a working class man, and he went on to study the people and how they were becoming ill, and discovered how cholera was spreading, and so epidemiology began. Epidemiology is the study of the spread of diseases and it is something that is ongoing today with the many new diseases that are being found. (bbc) Cholera is a disease was thought to have been eradicated but due to the recent weather disruptions across the UK and Ireland, the government are concerned that there could be another breakout. Thousands of homes have become flooded and the sewage from these homes is running up and down the streets, this being a vast resemblance to the 19th century. Microbiologists testing water in Moorlands, Somerset, found it contains 60,000 to 70,000 bacteria per 100 milliliter. Water should contain no more than 1,000 per milliliter, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The towns and cities were not a pleasant place to be, the streets were filthy, and the drains and sewers which ran in the streets were blocked and overflowing. Rubbish was also just threw out to the street which meant there was a lot of vermin attracted, which also carried many diseases, this caused national concern. More and more housing was being needed, so poorly built houses were erected on top of rubbish piles, this rubbish did not provide solid founds, and made the houses very dangerous for living in. The poor people could not get help, the middle class saw them as immoral as they were all living in such cramped housing. There were charities set up, such as the Peabody Trust in 1862 and The Guinness Trust in 1890 which aimed to help the people but these failed to meet the needs of the people most desperate in society. In 1866 after a fourth case of cholera killed 6000 people; the government put the first piece of legislation in place that actually made changes to the peoples lives, The Sanitary Act. This law meant that authorities had to provide fresh water, sewage and waste disposal. This law took a long time to be implemented into all houses within Britain but it meant that life expectancy was slowly on the rise. All of the towns had to have a Sanitary Inspectors and the Home Secretary was empowered to take proceedings for the removal of nuisances where local authorities failed to act. Today all homes in Britain benefit from the Sanitary Act as they have running water and sewage facilities, and also a better knowledge on personal hygiene. By the end of the Victorian Era, treatment of illness started to become more advanced and surgery became more effective as there was a better knowledge. Moving into the 20th century there was still many of the problems which existed during the 19th century. These on-going problems included housing and slums, poverty, lack of hospitals, nutritional issues, and the same sanitation problems. One piece of legislation that ensured a better quality of life for the people was the House of the Working Class Act, this began the building of council houses, a development which is still being used in present day, especially sue to the recessionary times that we are currently in and the increasing amounts of people that are becoming homeless due to reduced jobs and opportunities. In today’s society we still have problems with many of these issues. In the recent economic climate and the recession, people have become unemployed and living has started to back track to these times, a lot of people have not been able to keep up repayments on their mortgages and homelessness has become a booming issue. This homelessness has meant that there has been a small rise in the numbers of council houses being built. Another problem which is still ongoing in today’s society is peoples nutrition. In the 19th and 20th centuries people suffered from bad nutrition as they did not know about vitamins and nutrients and people were badly malnourished and underweight which added to many health problems such as rickets, and in today’s society we still have nutritional problems. Fast food and fatty foods are so easily accessible and people find them to be handier than cooking nutritious meals and so people are becoming increasingly overweight and many suffer from obesity. According to the World Health Organisation, in 2008 there was 1. 4 billion adults over 20 who were classified as obese and in 2011 there was over 40 million children suffering from obesity also. (WHO 2013) Free school meals for children were also introduced in 1906; these free meals are still available to some children today. They ensure that the children are getting the proper nutrients and vitamins that is necessary to encourage growth and to also help them concentrate and learn. The health and wellbeing of children was one of the main aspects of public health that the Ministry of Health were trying to protect, and in 1907 a school nurse was assigned to all schools, and her main role to begin with was to check the children’s heads for nits. The role of the school nurse then developed to carry out examinations on all aspects of the children’s health, growth and development. In 1911 National Insurance was first introduced. This new system meant that working people had a small amount taken out of their wages which was put into the health care system, and if the worker was to fall ill then they would be able to avail of free health care, this was only for the worker though and not their spouse or children. (bbc) The First World War was one of the key events in the 20th century that highlighted the poor health of people living in Britain. The war put in place a need for an army of healthy young men as recruits, but this proved hard. The recruits were sent to war malnourished, meaning that they did not last long, and if they suffered an injury they were not strong enough to live. As no one knew how long the war was going to last there was a concentration on the health of pregnant woman and young men’s, as these would be the military of the future if the war was to continue. There were not many hospitals available for the people who needed them and it was only the wealthy that had access to them, as there no health care service like we have today, and the people had to pay for their medical care. The military were starting to come back from the war so there was an expansion in the number of hospitals being built as the conditions were still very poor in Britain, but these were solely for the use of the military soldiers. The Prime Minister at the time, Lloyd George promised a ‘home fit for heroes’ in 1918 and so the government set out the building of half a million homes by 1933. (bbc) A year later in 1919 the Ministry of Health was set up to look after the sanitation, health care and disease as well as the training of doctors, nurses, midwives and dentists. Dental care at the time was a huge issue, due to the malnourishment, people’s teeth were very poor and dental care did not really exist especially for the poorer people in society. Malnutrition continued to be a huge public health concern up until the Second World War with the introduction of rationing. This was a huge change to people’s lives and was implemented by the Ministry of Food in 1940. Rationing meant that each person could only buy a fixed amount of certain foods each week, and you had to hand over coupons from the family’s ration book. This reason behind rationing was because most of the food consumed in the UK and Ireland were imported from other countries, and this war proved to cause problems to this happening. During this war planes were used to drop bombs on ships and quite often the ships importing the fresh foods were bombed and the food destroyed, so this new rationing idea meant that everyone was able to gain access to the same amounts of fresh foods. Rationing is a concept that is still widely used today throughout the world by the army soldiers. The use of planes to drop bombs also caused a lot of destruction to people’s homes, many of them being destroyed, sometimes whole towns or cities were destroyed. During these troubling times people were expecting for their homes to be bombed so the government put in place a scheme for the children to be sent to the country where it would be safer for them. This was organised through ‘billeting officers’ and the children’s new homes were called ‘billets’. The children went to school and lived together until the war was over. The destruction, as bad as it was, gave the cities the opportunities to rebuild their homes to a better standard. In 1941 the British government commissioned a report into the ways that Britain should be rebuilt. William Beveridge, the director of the London School of Economics, was put in charge of the rebuilding. His report which was published in 1942 identified that there were five giant evils which would have to be overcome, these included; squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease. The Beveridge report has since formed much of the social legislation that we use today. Beveridge wanted to create a ‘cradle to grave’ health care system. The working people and the employers would still pay national insurance and for the service to be sustained more jobs would have to be created. In 1948 the NHS which we still have to this day was established. The NHS was an ambitious plan to bring healthcare to all people regardless of their social class or wealth or gender, and the healthcare would be free at the point of delivery. This was the first time that doctors, nurses, pharmacists, opticians and dentists would all work together. (NHS 2012) The 20th and 21st centuries saw a huge decline in the number of infectious diseases mortalities, and an increased life expectancy. One of the main reasons for this was the discovery of antibiotics in 1929, and the use of these in the 1940’s showed their true potential. Immunizations also came into practice and people had a better understanding of foods, and what foods improved health all contributing factors to people having better health. The NHS is still working to improve the health of its service users and it is working with many researching companies to find cures for the new diseases  that are developing. Although it is a great concept which has been active for over 60 years, the NHS is under a lot of stain and financial pressure. Due to the economic downturn there is less people working and so there is less national insurance being paid so there the NHS has less funding to provide the outstanding services that it does to the UK for free. The doctors and nurses are under almost intolerable pressure, and this is due to cuts in hospital beds, growing admissions and staff shortages. On 24th February, the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast became under so much pressure in its emergency department that extra staff had to be called in to deal with the escalating number of people seeking treatment, at one point there was more than 100 people waiting. This does not conquer the goals that the NHS had initially set out to achieve in 1948.

Rap VS Techno essays

Rap VS Techno essays Rap is a style of popular music with a pronounced beat. Techno is a style of popular music using electric equipment and synthesized repetitive sounds. Which is better? This essay is about the differences between the two and what type of music people listen to. Also how each one is acknowledged in society and how old people react to music these days compared to as in their youth days. Rap is a bunch of words put together to give meaning about an event, feeling or emotion. Good rappers like Eminem and Nelly use words that rhyme and give a significant meaning. These rappers reprimand words suddenly and sharply, which makes it so entertaining to many teenagers. Techno however does not necessary have words and it generally pronounces an electric beat. Many DJs use techno rather than rap for dancing since it has a beat and electric echoing for people to dance to. So which is most popular? Generally it depends on the individuals characteristics. For example a rough, swearing character is most likely to listen to rap. Because most rappers use vulgar words in their song. Concerned parents dont like their children to listen to that type of music because the rapper is giving a bad influence to kids. In July 2001 a wave of moral indignation was sweeping Australia over bad language, aggressive lyrics and a pending tour by the U.S. rap singer Eminem. The Australian Prime Minister has aired an opinion, saying that the rapper's lyrics were "sickening and offensive." Over big controversy the rapper was permitted to tour Australia and only people over the age of 18 were allowed to see him sing. In Eminems latest song Without me he uses good lyrics without too many vulgar words. The song is currently in number one place in the Australian top 50. The video clip is also different to his previous ones. He advises to a little boy, in his video clip that his new album is only for adul ts. ...

Using the Spanish Verb Jugar

Using the Spanish Verb Jugar Jugar is usually the equivalent of the English verb to play and is used in much the same way. Using Jugar With Games The most noticeable difference is that in standard Spanish the preposition a is used after jugar when jugar is used to refer to the playing of a specified game: Me gustarà ­a saber si en Belice juegan al fà ºtbol. (I would like to know if they play soccer in Belize.)Aprendemos a jugar al ajedrez. (We are learning to play chess.)Los estudiantes jugaron a la bolsa y no ganaron nada. (The students played the market and didnt earn anything.)El actor jugà ³ a la ruleta rusa con una pistola totalmente cargada. (The actor played Russian roulette with a fully loaded pistol.) In parts of Latin America, however, the a can be omitted when referring to athletic contests. The absence of the a is a regional variation and shouldnt be imitated in most areas. Jugar isnt used to refer to the playing of a musical instrument. For that, use tocar. Using Jugar With Con When followed by the preposition con, jugar sometimes carries a meaning similar to to manipulate or to play around with. The phrase sometimes suggests that someone isnt treating something (or someone) with due respect or diligence: Los chicos de cuatro aà ±os juegan con las palabras e inventan palabras e historias disparatadas. (Four-year-old children play with words and invent words and silly stories.)Jugaste con mis sentimientos, como juega el viento con la hoja. (You manipulated my feelings, like the wind toys with a leaf.)No voy a jugar con mi salud cuando lo que quiero es mejorarla. (Im not going to trifle with my health when what I want to do is make it better.)Chvez dijo que los banqueros privados jugaron con el dinero del pueblo. (Chvez said the private bankers gambled with the peoples money.) Standing by itself, jugar usually means simply to play: Jugaban todo el dà ­a. (They played all day.) The phrase jugar limpio is used to mean to play clean, that is, playing fairly, by the rules or otherwise in a commendable manner. The opposite, to play dirty, is jugar sucio. Using Jugar Reflexively In the reflexive form, if it doesnt mean to play together, jugarse usually suggests gambling or taking risks: Facebook y Twitter se juegan por lo ms popular. (Facebook and Twitter are competing to be the most popular.)Me juguà © la vida porque tenà ­a que triunfar. (I bet my life because I had to win.)Ellos se juegan mucho ms que nosotros. (Theyre risking a lot more than we are.) Remember that jugar is conjugated irregularly.

Apple Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Apple Supply Chain - Essay Example Apple Inc has able to develop a supply chain management that has been studied by most companies. With the recent earthquake in Japan, Apple is expected to face considerable supply issues but so far Apple has been able to survive the recent challenge. APPLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Apple supply chain management is unique in the sense that they manufacture the parts of their products in Asian countries, especially China, and assemble and market its product in California. Apple Supply Chain management is successful because of their successful outsourcing and the make-buy decision. ‘Outsourcing is defined as the contracting of one or more of the company’s business processes to an outside service provider to help increase shareholder value, by primarily reducing operating costs and focusing on core competencies’ (Kulkarni and Sharma, 2004). Apple has made great use of the outsourcing alternative by keepings its core competency, that is, its design and user interface wit hin the company while outsourcing the production. In this way, Apple has considerably reduced its operating costs through this process without compromising on its positioning as the best technology. Before proceeding further, we need to understand the typical movement of Apple products from the origin to the end users. Products such as the Apple iPod, iMac, iPhone etc are first designed in the Apple headquarters located in California. Once the team of designers develops the unique look and design for the product, the supply chain team in collaboration with the engineers and designers decides the suppliers for the particular product. Most of Apple’s products are manufactured at Foxxcon, a Taiwanese electronic company. This company is responsible for the products of the parts of iPhone while Apple keeps the original blue print of the product with itself to prevent any copyright issues (Xu, Tjoa and Chaudhry, 2007). Once the products are developed, they are shipped to Apple Inc. headquarters located in California. Thus, California assumes the responsibility of marketing and distributing the product. With the increase in demand of Apple products internationally, the products are distributed almost everywhere in the world including China, which is turning out to be the most developing market for Apple products. Thus, ‘Apple serves as the supply chain coordinator, integrator, and provider of operations best-practices, innovations, and strategies for all its partners’ (Simchi-Levi, 2010) THE MAKE-BUY DECISION For a supply chain to succeed in the best possible manner, the make-buy decision is the primary and most crucial decisions for the supply chain manager. The supply chain manager needs to be aware of the products that the company would be making and the products that the company would buy from other suppliers. This decision is based on the knowledge of the core competencies. Core competencies are those factors where the organization excels at and the key areas where the organization has able to develop a unique selling proposition (Monczka,  Handfield,   Guinipero,  Patterson and Walters , 2010). . In the case of Apple, the core competency is its design and the user interface it has developed for the consumers. The technology comes in part and parcel of the design while the actual production is secondary. When consumers buy Apple products,