Business Analysis of Morrisons

Business Analysis of Morrisons Executive Summary In this competitive era every organization is facing financial ups and downs from last few years due to recession. UK has a wide variety of retailers all with big infrastructure and chains that include food, clothing and lots of other products. This assignment focuses on the financial growth of Morrison PLC and two other competitors of Morrison i.e. Sainsbury and Tesco. The report will shed light on the key indicators affecting the performance of Morrison and its two competitors Sainsbury and Tesco. Both Sainsbury and Tesco have a brand name in the retailing sector and give good competition to Morrison. To find out accurate result we collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Recession effects the whole world same as UK. Every company applies lots of strategies to overcome this. Some will successful and some unable of overcome the impact of recession. Morrison is one of the companies from retailing sector, which is successfully recovering from the recession, and giving tough competition to its competitors. In this assignment we will also discuss about the strategies adopted by the Morrison to overcome from recession and how it maintain it self in competitive market. And also try to find out what other methods Morrison used to increase its growth as compare to its competitors Sainsbury and Tesco Introduction Retailing industry is one of the biggest growing industries in UK. It stands on number 3rd in the world economy. Initially retailing industry used to restrain only small scale shops. But now retailers are more focused on customer services and expand their business at very large scale. In UK there are several supermarkets that have their long chains like Morrison, Sainsbury, Tesco and ASDA. From last five years UK retailing industry provide more than 190,000 employments and this figure is growing continuously (British Retail Consortium 2004b). It is estimated as 11% of the total UKS workforce.UK retailing industry provides part time jobs more then other sectors. UK retailing sector generates revenue of around 265bn per year which is the 8% of total GDP of UK economy.70% of UK supermarket is dominated by Morrison, Sainsbury, Tesco, and Asda. Morrison Morrison was founded by William Morrison in1899.In 1961 he opened his first store in Bradford. Very soon Morrison took over the Safeway and in early 2005 Morrison became the 4th largest Supermarket of UK retail industry. It has 403 stores all over the UK. Main business of Morrison is food and grocery. In 2005 Morrison generated 150,000 employments all over the UK. More then 9 million customers visit Morrison everyday. Morrison had its own warehouses and industries to maintain the demand and supply and has sufficient staff to provide better customer service. Morrison has more than 100yr experience in retailing sector. In 2008 Morrison awarded for the outstanding contribution in the retailing sector. In 2007 Sir Lan Gibson (64) joined Morrison as a non executive deputy chairmen. In 2010, 29 march Mr. Dalton Philips (43) Joined the group as Chief Executive. Mr. Mark Gunter (52) Joined Morrison as a Group retail director in the year 1993 and In 2005 Richard Pennycook was appointed as a G roup finance Director. Morrison has strong and experienced management hierarchy, which provides sustainability in the market and helped Morrison to recover from the Recession. In 210/11 Morrison sales increased 7% from the previous year. Overall growth of Morrison for this year is 12.8%. With this growth Morrison is giving tough competition to the competitors like Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury. Contribution of these three supermarkets is only 3.5%, whereas only Morrison contributes with the growth of 4.5% in 2010/11 to the market. This is one of the most beneficial years for the Morrison. USP of Morrison or reason of the growth is Morrison is use of unique manufacturing and packaging techniques and most of the food is prepared everyday to provide fresh food to the customers. Morrison continuously updated itself with use of new technologies and new innovative tools in supermarket. Now days Morrison is working on incorporating digital technology in its operations. Morrison provides all te chnological facilities to the customers like online shopping, self checkouts, card payments etc. Subsidiaries of Morrison plc- Farmers boy limited Neerock limited Safeway limited Rathbone kear limited Optimization developments limited Bos brothers fruit and vegetables Farock insurance company limited Optimization developments limited These are the few subsidiaries of Morrison from where Morrison purchase their food for the customers. Sainsbury:- Sainsbury was established in the year 1869. Today Sainsbury has 890 stores out of which 547 are supermarkets and 343 are convince stores. It has joint venture with land securities group PLC and The British Land Company PLC. It also has Sainsburys bank in collaboration with Lloyds bank. Sainsbury serves fresh, healthy and tasty food. It entertains around 19 million consumers a week and has over 16 % share in market. It has a workforce of 15000 people. Tesco :- Tesco is one of the biggest retailers in UK. Tesco has expanded its business almost all over the world like USA, Europe, Asia etc. In UK, Tesco started in 1924. It has 2482 stores and 287669 numbers of employees. Tesco was formed by Sir Jack Cohen. It was the first self service store. Tesco introduced the concept of superstores in 1967.Tesco focused on the strategy of serving good products at low cost. In 2002-03 Tesco introduced more then five thousand food products to grab the attention of customers. Tesco use many technical innovative tools to provide better service to customers like online shopping, self checkouts etc. Tesco deals in food, clothing and all other daily use products. Tesco is one the biggest competitor for Morrison. Quantitative Data data which we can quantify and verify and that can be manipulated statistically is called quantitative data. The data which is in the form of numbers and figures is quantitative data. Quantitative data analysis plays an important role in analyzing the business performance of a company. Both quantitative and qualitative data are necessary to analyze the business performance of a company in a better way. Financial ratio analysis is a type of quantitative analysis to analyze the performance of a business. Financial analysis- we can define financial analysis as the analysis of the financial condition of the company. It involves investigating if the capital is efficiently invested, efficiency of oprations, profitability of the company and the security of the debtors money . there are two types of financial analysis techniques- fund flow analysis and financial ratio analysis. Company requires these techniques to analyse if it is efficiently investing and using its financial resources. Tools and techniques of financial statement analysis- Horizontal and vertical analysis Ratio analysis Horizontal analysis- analyzing and comparing the financial data of a company of 2 or more years is called horizontal analysis Vertical analysis- this analysis is conducted on profit and loss account or on balance sheet and the result calculated is in percentage of a total amount. Ratio analysis- it is the most excepted and widely used technique. The result is calculated as one number articulated in terms of other. In this assignment we will be using this technique to quantitatively analyze the performance of Morrison with respect to its competitors Sainsbury and Tesco. Some of the ratios analyzed for Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco are stated below- PROFITABILITY RATIOS- it can be defined as evaluation of the total performance and the effectiveness of the company. Some of the profitability ratios are discussed below- ROCE- This ratio stands for return on capital employed. We know that the main aim of the company for investing its financial resources is the profit it is reaping out of it. Therefore we can say that it is the success of a business in meeting its goals. Formula for return on capital employed- [Profit before interest and tax/capital employed] x100 Significance- It is one of the widely excepted methods to analyze the profitability and the overall performance of the company. It gives us information if the investment of the capital is optimal or not and funds are efficiently allocated and utilized by the company or not. Calculations- ROCE calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (612/4378) x100=13.97 In 2009- (655/4520) x100=14.49 In 2010- (858/4949) x100=17.33 ROCE calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (479/4935) x100=9.7 In 2009- (466/4376) x100=10.64 In 2010- (733/4966) x100=14.76 ROCE calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1402/12099) x100=11.58 In 2009- (1419/12942) x100=10.96 In 2010- (1596/14681) x100=10.87 Net Profit Margin- it is the ratio of total net profit a company gains after eliminating all the taxes divided by the net sales. It is articulated in percentage. Formula: Net Profit Margin= [profit before interest and tax/sales or turnover] x100 Significance- to examine the overall profit of the company this ratio is used and is significantly used by proprietors. The return on investment depends upon the net profit. Calculations- Net Profit Margin calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (612/12151) x100=5.03 In 2009- (655/13615) x100=4.81 In 2010- (858/14348) x100=5.97 Net Profit Margin calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (479/16835) x100=2.84 In 2009- (466/17875) x100=2.60 In 2010- (733/18882) x100=3.88 Net Profit Margin calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1402/23684) x100=5.91 In 2009- (1419/25734) x100=5.51 In 2010- (1596/27485) x100=5.80 Net Asset Turnover- it can be defined as the measure of capability of the firm to generate turnover by an efficient utilization of its assets. Formula- sales or turnover/capital employed Significance- higher is the ratio more efficiently and optimally the company has utilized its assets and lower ratio means the assets are underutilized. Higher is the ratio signifies the requirement of very low investment in the business and if the ratio is low it signifies incompetent management. Calculations- Net Asset Turnover calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 12151/4378=2.77 In 2009- 13615/4520=3.01 In 2010- 14348/4949=2.89 Net Asset Turnover calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 16835/4935=3.41 In 2009- 17875/4379=4.08 In 2010- 18882/4966=3.80 Net Asset Turnover calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 23684/12099=1.95 In 2009- 25734/12942=1.98 In 2010- 27485/14681=1.87 Gross Profit Margin- it can be defined as the total amount of profit a firm can generate by selling its goods. Formula- [gross profit/sales or turnover] x100 Significance- it is an indication of how much the selling price of per unit of goods can be lowered without any loss in operations of the company. Higher is this ratio more efficient is the production of goods in the company and vice versa. Calculations- Gross Profit Margin calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (818/12151) x100=6.73 In 2009- (913/13615) x100=6.70 In 2010- (1062/14348) x100=7.40 Gross Profit Margin calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1002/16835) x100=5.95 In 2009- (1036/17875) x100=5.79 In 2010- (1082/18882) x100=5.73 Gross Profit Margin calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1761/23684) x100=7.43 In 2009- (2048/25734) x100=7.95 In 2010- (2270/27485) x100=8.25 ACTIVITY RATIOS- It is the measure of how efficiently and optimally the resources of a company are engaged. It is also known as turnover ratio because it is the measure of how quickly the assets are converted into sales. Stock days or Stock turnover- it is the relationship of cost of sold items during an interval of time and cost of average inventory during a particular interval of time. It tells about the times the company is able to convert the inventory into sales and the efficiency of company to manage its inventory. Formula- [stock or inventory/cost of sales] x365 Significance- it is the measure of how quick a company can convert its inventory into sales. Higher is this ratio indicates more efficient the company is an managing its inventory. It means the company is able to sell more and therefore will have adequate capital to get new inventory and vice versa. Calculations- Stock turnover calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (442/12151) x365=13 days In 2009- (494/13615) x365=13 days In 2010- (577/14348) x365=14 days Stock turnover calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (681/16835) x365=15 days In 2009- (689/17875) x365=14 days In 2010- (702/18882) x365=13 days Stock turnover calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (2603/23684) x365=40 days In 2009- (2669/25734) x365=37 days In 2010- (2729/27485) x365=36 days LIQUIDITY RATIOS- It is a financial technique to measure the short term solvency of the company financial condition. It is the measure of the capacity of a company to fulfill its short term obligations. Current ratio- it the relationship of companys current assets to its current liabilities. It is the measure of the potential of a company to accomplish its short term obligations. Formula- current assets/current liabilities Significance- it in the measure of how liquid are the assets of a company. It tells us how much safe a company is for its creditors. It is the measure of how stable company is financially. Higher ratio shows that company is more efficient to fulfill their short term obligations and vice versa. Calculations- Current ratio calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 910/1853=0.49 In 2009- 1066/2024=0.52 In 2010- 1092/2152=0.50 Current ratio calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 1722/2652=0.64 In 2009- 1591/2919=0.54 In 2010- 1853/2793=0.66 Current ratio calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- 6648/12689=0.52 In 2009- 13669/18115=0.75 In 2010- 11392/16015=0.71 Quick ratio- it is also called as liquid ratio or acid test ratio. It the relationship of liquid assets of company to its current liabilities. Formula- current assets less stocks/current liabilities Significance- It is the measure of how capable a company is in meeting in obligations and promises. Higher is this ratio indicates that company is more capable to meet its objectives and obligations. Calculations- Quick ratio calculation of Morrison for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (910-442)/1853=0.25 In 2009- (1066-494)/2024=0.28 In 2010- (1092-577)/2152=0.23 Quick ratio calculation of Sainsbury for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (1722-681)/2652=0.39 In 2009- (1591-689)/2919=0.30 In 2010- (1853-702)/2793=0.41 Quick ratio calculation of Tesco for the financial year 2008-2010- In 2008- (6648-2603)/12689=0.31 In 2009- (13669-2669)/18115=0.60 In 2010- (11392-2729)/16015=0.54 Comparison- Year-2010 Morrison Sainsbury Tesco ROCE 17.33 14.76 10.87 Net Profit Margin 5.97 3.88 5.80 Net Asset Turnover 2.89 3.80 1.87 Gross Profit Margin 7.40 5.73 8.25 Stock Turnover 14 days 13 days 36 days Current ratio 0.50 0.66 0.71 Quick ratio 0.23 0.41 0.54 Ratio analysis carried on Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco for the financial year 2010 The above data shows some of the ratios analyzed for M orison, Sainsbury and Tesco for the financial year 2010.from the above data we can see that the ROCE ratio for the Morrison is high as compare to its competitors. Higher is this ratio high is the profitability and overall performance of the company. Thus Morrison tops the chart followed by Sainsbury and then Tesco at the last. If we have a look at the Net Profit Margin we can see that Morrison has the highest followed by Tesco and then Sainsbury. Since higher is the net profit margining more profitable is the business. Thus Morrison has made more profits as compared to Sainsbury and Tesco in concern of the revenue they have generated. If we compare the net asset turnover ratio Sainsbury tops the chart followed by Morrison and Tesco in the last. This data tells us that Sainsbury has made lowest investment followed by Morrison and Tesco lag behind in the race indicating inefficient use and management of resources. Looking at the gr oss profit margin Tesco has the highest followed by Morrison and Sainsbury. We know that if higher is this ratio more efficient is the production of goods in the company. Thus Tesco wins in this aspect and is most efficient amongst the three in the production of goods. Analyzing the stock turnover ratio Sainsbury has the least followed by Morrison and Tesco has the highest. Lower is this more quick is company in converting its stock into sales and more is the profit. Current ratio of Morrison is the least followed by Sainsbury and Tesco. Since higher is this ratio more is the ability of firm to pay its shorter debts. Thus Tesco wins in this race. Comparing the quick ratio, again Tesco has the highest, then Sainsbury and then Morrison. More is this ratio indicates more financially strong is the company. Thus Tesco again tops the chart. From the above discussion we can see that in some areas Morrison is doing good like profitability and in some areas it as lagging like financial strength as compare to its competitors Sainsbury and Tesco. Therefore Morrison should keep on working hard to compete with its competitors. Similarly we can compare the financial data of Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco for the other financial years 2008 and 2009. QUALITATIVE DATA- It can be defined as ways of collecting information to illustrate the meaning of a situation or a problem instead of focusing on statistical approach of analysis. They help to explain a situation in more depth and with more description. There are lot of qualitative methods in the management study to analyze the business of the company and its competitors. We will be using Porter and PESTEL analysis to qualitatively analyze the business and the market environment for Morrison, Sainsbury and Tesco in UK. Porters five forces Overall Level of Rivalry In retailing industry, UK is dominated by the Morrison, Tesco and Sainsbury. All three are big brand names in supermarket of UK. All three gives good competition to each other. All have equal number of resources to attract the customers. Power of Buyer Customer is the king of todays era. So the power of buyers is relatively high, customer have lots of options so he can easily switch between suppliers. It affects the overall profit of the organization. But due to less number of competitors Morrison have chance to attract more and more customers by providing more offers to its customers and using new strategies. Power of Supplier All big brands have their own manufacturing units , which decrease the power of suppliers .Moreover , purchasing from outside make the cost of a product high and reduce the profit , so organizations prefers to avoid purchasing goods from outsiders. In retailing sector suppliers are dominated by the consumers. Threat of New Entry -The threat of new entry in supermarket is very low, because it requires huge investment and big infrastructure. Apart from this new organization has to provide food and other material at very low cost to sustain in the market and compete with the existing retailers, which is quite hard. Secondly, consumer acceptance is one the major issue for new entries in this sector which makes supermarkets less attractive as compare to other sectors. Threat of Alternatives Because all three supermarkets deal in food and grocery, a long range of products is always available to the customers. So, the customer always has the chance to switch between products. It depends on the way of customer service and the cost and quality of the product, which can bind up the customer with the product and the same organization. To Sustain in market and maintain the growth rate, Morrison have to provide the good customer service and better product at low coast as compare to competitors. PESTEL Analysis Through PESTEL Analysis we can identify the external environmental factors which impact on the performance of Morrison and its competitors Tesco and Sainsbury. Political Government of UK has imposed strict rules and regulation for the company to protect the environment e.g. laws related to waste disposal by companies. Food and other retailers will have to follow these rules planned by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and it will affect the cost of businesses. The bovine tuberculosis and chronic diseases through waste will compel the government to make more strict and stiff rules against these companies for the protection of company. European food authority has imposed regulations on food retailers to indicate the nutritional information and standard of quality of their products. The competition commission of uk and office of fair trading keep an eye on the main five supermarket retailing companies due to their high market share in the supermarket industry. Economic Rise or failure in economy has a direct impact on the business because it affects the purchasing power of consumer. After 2008, UK officially declared the recession in economy. Though, government helps a lot to reduce the impact of recession on business and normal people by cutting interest rates. (Euromonitor, 2010), and it in turn helps to increase the purchasing power of customers and increase the business in UK. Whereas people are still not able to become heavy spender like before. Now a days people think twice before spending money and avoid to buy the product which are less in use which affect the overall profit of business.(Keynote,2010). After, 2010 economy of UK has started growing up slowly and purchasing power of customer is increasing day by day. Social In UK population , there are less young people and children as compare to retired people.(Herald Scotland,2010) which affects the retailing business of food and grocery because it is understood that the eating and purchasing habits of older people is totally different and slow as compare to youngsters . They prefer light food mainly cooked at home and they like home deliveries to avoid the shopping, which cost extra to the stores. Apart from this older people dont believe in online shopping because they find it inconvenient and difficult to use (Turban et al., 2001), overall it affects the business growth. Technological In this technological era every sector try to use new innovative tools to increase the performance and provide better customer service. Same is the case with supermarkets. Now a days every super market use technological tools like online shopping, self checkouts, card payments which is a revolution in the supermarkets. With the help of these technical tools retailers can increase the productivity and efficiency of the employees and business and reduce the billing time of customers which automatically provide customer satisfaction and help to increase the overall profit. According to national statistics, 2010, people using internet have grown by 50% from last few years. In UK more than 70% people know the use of internet and prefer to use online shopping which saves time and money of customer. Environmental In UK, People believe in recycling, reduced packaging and avoid plastic bags. This kind of initiatives towards the improvement of environment is also promoted by UK government and Morrison actively takes part in CSR. From last few years more then 70% people have stopped using plastic bags and prefer to use reusable bags for shopping which cut down the packing cost of a product and increase the profit of an organization.(Office for National Statistics,2010) Legal By HM Treasury, 2010, UK govt. has increased the VAT charges by 20% on the products, which affects the overall profit of organizations. Apart from this National minimum wage in UK is very high as compare to other countries which is one the reason of reduction in profit on the products for the supermarkets. It is assumed that standard UK minimum wages could increase by 15% which can affect badly on the supermarkets of UK. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Morrison should move its focus towards different product categories instead of just focusing on being a specialist in food products in order to compete with other competitors like Sainsbury and Tesco. 2. Morrison should pay attention towards analyzing its financial and other resources and should try to strategically allocate these resources in an optimal fashion to achieve improvement in performance and efficiency of the overall business. 3. This is a world of technology and development. Thus Morrison should try to incorporate new and better technology like self checkouts and other form of technology like digital technology which should have features like online shopping in order to provide better customer service to its customers and compete with other competitors in the market. 4. Morrison should focus on better customer service and should focus on the concepts of CSR to fulfill its role and duties towards the society and the environment. CONCLUSIONS- 1. The financial analysis of Morrison shows that it is able to use its financial resources optimally and is able to fulfill its duties towards the creditors. But it really needs to work hard to improve on where it is lagging and it has a long way to go. 2. Morrison financial statement shows that the flow of fund and cash is strong and it is efficiently managing its financial resources but needs to improve more. 3. Morrison is working on the concept of CSR and understands its duties towards society and environment. This will help Morrison to build a good image and relationship with people in society. It was recorded that it did charity of around 1.18 million pounds. 4. Morrison should focus on adding new food products which are healthy to attract more customers.

Five Competing Brands of India

Acknowledgement We are thankful to Almighty Allah for His help in the completion of the project. We are thankful to our respected teacher Mr. KASHIF SAEED for his keen interest and support in providing us the needed information and we like to thanks for assigning us this project that has helped us in learning the basic concepts of marketing management. [pic] First of all we thank to Almighty ALLAH who has granted us such a great opportunity to prove ourselves. Then we are thankful to our beloved Parents, our honorable and cooperative Teacher Sir Kashif Saeed and all MEMBERS who have helped us a lot to prepare this Project. Detergent Brands in INDIAN Market We choose following 5 Brands from Indian market 1. WHEEL 2. SURF EXCEL 3. RIN 4. SUNLIGHT 5. TIDE Wheel Wheel is India's number one detergent brand. Launched in 1987, it cleans effectively with lesser effort, making a laborious chore like washing light and easy. Moreover, Wheel does not burn hands or harm clothes like some other de tergents, which contain a high percentage of soda. Ever since its relaunch in 2001, with the new positioning of ‘best clean with less effort', Wheel has been growing strongly. Research showed that consumers seek a solution to heavy duty laundry, like bed sheets and curtains. Developing on this insight, wheel sought to eliminate the trouble of tough dirt or heavy-duty laundry. Mass market consumers have welcomed the solution, making it the number one. This product is for low level of income. Target market of wheel is rural areas and the people think that wheel is a power full and cheaper detergent as compare to other detergent and soap available in market. Surf Excel A pioneer in the Indian detergent powder market, Surf Excel has constantly upgraded itself over the years, to answer the constantly changing washing needs of the Indian homemaker. Today Surf Excel offers outstanding stain removal ability on a wide range of stains. This means that mothers now have the freedom to let their kids experience life without worrying about stains. Surf Excel quick wash is powered with a path-breaking technology- it reduces water consumption and time taken for rinsing by 50%. It is a significant benefit, given the acute water scarcity in most of India. Surf Excel is available in 3 variants: Surf Excel Blue, Surf Excel Quick Wash and Surf Excel Automatic. So whatever be the need, Surf Excel hay Na. Surf Excel powder is for the people of middle and high level of income. Main focus on the children because they advertise as DAGH TO ACHY HOTY HAIN and also for those who want fragrance in there clothes. Rin Launched in 1969, Rin with the power of its thunderous lightning flash has become a household name synonymous with dazzling white clothes, for millions across the length and breadth of the country. Over the years, Rin has constantly evolved to cater to the growing aspirations of the Indian housewife. Be it with Rin Advanced or its perfumed variant Jasmine Fresh, the brand guarantee superior cleaning, incomparable white clothes and self-confidence which comes only from wearing spotless clean clothes. That too, at affordable prices. Recently Rin re-wrote the rules of branding and marketing by teaming up with the country’s leading entertainment channel, Star Plus to launch a unique reality show for kids titled – ‘Rin Mera Star Super Star’- a nationwide talent hunt providing a platform for talented children to showcase their potential to the entire country. The winning contestant won a scholarship of Rs. 500,000 to help him chase the dream of becoming an artist or to pursue future education. Over the years, Rin has won a number of accolades, the most recent being voted as the Most Preferred Detergent brand in India at the Awaaz Consumer Awards in 2006. The Awaaz Consumer Awards voice the opinion of 10,000 consumers of 39 product and service categories across 21 countrywide locations. This detergent is also for middle and low level of income. This detergent brought whitening in the cloths. Target market of Rin is both Urban and rural areas. Sunlight Spreading Brightness and Cheer Sunlight is Unilever’s oldest brand. Launched in 1888 it was the first soap to be branded, stamped & packed before selling to consumers. The factory where the soap was manufactured was soon renamed Port Sunlight & goes by that name till today. Sunlight in India is sold only in West Bengal and Kerala. It continues to be the favorite brand of consumers and is the market leader. Sunlight is positioned on providing brightness & colour protection delivering the promise of keeping clothes looking bright like new. Constant innovation now sees Sunlight with orange peel extracts that not only gives brightness to clothes but also improved cleanliness and fragrance. Sunlight also believes in spreading cheer and brightness in the lives of its consumers and those around them. The brand’s latest advertising seeks to communicate that people who wear bright clothes, cared for by Sunlight spread cheer and brightness all around them. Tide Tide is the name of a popular laundry detergent on the market in INDIA, the United States and other countries. It is manufactured by Procter & Gamble. Tide is marketed under various sub-brands, such as 2x Ultra Tide. First introduced in test markets in 1946 with national distribution reached in 1949, Tide was voted as â€Å"America's Washday Favorite†. It quickly gained dominance in the detergent market, dwarfing the sales of other P products, such as Ivory Snow. The latter one was soap powders and flakes. In the late sixties and early seventies, it was branded as Tide XK, but it was rebranded as Tide later on. Originally, Tide was a white powdered bead, but the brand line was later expanded to include an orange-tinted clear liquid form in 1984. Today, most formulations of liquid Tide are dark blue with the exception of Tide Free, which is clear. An addition to the Tide Family, Tide Cold Water, was formulated to tackle stains while saving energy because it does not require hot or even warm water. Tide is recognized for its distinctive orange-and-yellow bullseye logo. The original logo was designed by Donald Deskey, a famous industrial and identity designer. Tide was the first product to be nationally packaged using Day-Glo colors, strikingly eye-catching when first introduced. The logo people see today has been slightly modified for the product's fiftieth anniversary in 1996. Currently, the Tide brand is given to over half a dozen powders and liquid detergents in the United States alone. In most of Latin America the Tide formula is marketed under the name Ace and in Turkey under the name Alo. Tide is commercialized in Pakistan SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ The product’s image TIDE has been an intricate part of American culture for, over a 50 Years. The product’s image is laden with sentimentality and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. The TIDE image is displayed on T-shirts, hats, and collectible memorabilia. This extremely recognizable branding is one of greatest strengths. â€Å"Use more than million times a day around the world TIDE stands as a simple, yet powerful symbol of quality and Cleanness†. †¢ Distributor’s Excellent Service TIDE is the brand of P&G and P&G search strong, experienced parties, devoted and loyal people. Basic requirement of them is financially strong people, devoted with product, loyal with company and involve in their business. Financial Position And Credit Rating Are Strong Their domestic organization achieved revenue growth from a healthy pricing environment, strong field execution, and effective innovation as their liquid TIDE , Stain remover TIDE partially compensate a continued shift away from their TIDE trademark. Revenue growth and cost management offset a relatively more volatile raw material cost environment. The profitability of their international business c ontinued to improve and it has become a more significant contributor to their performance. †¢ Well Developed Strategy P&G recognizes there is a right time and place for their product; therefore, their strategy makes room for adjustments. †¢ LOW PRICE TIDE INTRODUCE IN PAKISTANI MARKET AS LOW PRICE BRAND. THE PRICE OF TIDE IS LOW AS COMPARE TO ITS COMPATITOR WHICH IS ITS COMPATITOR ADVANTAGE. WEAKNESSES †¢ Less Aggressive Stand Due to the changing global economies TIDE has taken a less aggressive stand in the market place †¢ Low Quality As its price is low with compare to other detergent in the market so one can easily think that its quality is low. Opportunities Introduction of new product under TIDE. It is a big opportunity for P&G to bring its other brand under TIDE logo in the market, due to good reputation in the market there will be big room in the market for these new washing brands. †¢ Increased Distribution of Products P&G also allows the company to take advantage of infinite growth opportunities around the world. This strategy gives TIDE the opportunity to service a larg e geographic, diverse area. Especially in the vast market of the Asia where almost 60% of the world population lives. And when we talk about the Pakistan there are a lot of opportunities to extend their product to the Azad Kashmir and to the other back wards areas by sponsor’s social activities in those areas. †¢ Brand Recognition Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting TIDE competitive position. TIDE’s brand name is known well throughout 90% of the world today. The primary concern over the past few years has been to get this name brand to be even better known. Threats †¢ New Viable Competitors Currently, the threat of new viable competitors in the detergent industry is not very substantial. The threat of substitutes, however, is a very real threat. The detergent industry is very strong, but consumers are not necessarily married to it. Possible substitutes that continuously put pressure on TIDE include RIN, BONUS, and WHEEL. †¢ Rapid Technological Changes The technology is changing rapidly day by day. Any company that uses the latest technology can take competitive edge because of its high speed production. †¢ Political Instability in the Country Political condition of the country is uncertain, govt. policies can disturb position of the company and certain rule and regulations are imposed by the govt. Economic Instability The major threat for the company these days is the economic instability in the country due to which the purchasing power of common man is decreasing. STP of TIDE in Pakistan TIDE is launch in Pakistan for low income level. This is the world famous brand that is launch in the rural areas of Pakistan after success in India and other countries. T IDE is introduced in Pakistan as B grade product which is due to its low price. TIDE is also use as energy saver because its result in cold waters same like hot water to remove stains. TIDE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE (PLC) The Product Life Cycle refers to the succession of stages a product goes through. Product Life Cycle Management is the succession of strategies used by management as a product goes through its life cycle. The stages A Typical Product Life Cycle Products tend to go through seven stages: Introduction Phase †¢ Introduce new TIDE in the market of Pakistan. New product development stage †¢ Very expensive †¢ Low sales revenue †¢ Losses Market introduction stage †¢ Cost high †¢ Sales volume low †¢ Losses Growth stage †¢ Costs reduced due to economies of scale †¢ Sales volume increases significantly †¢ Profitability Prices to maximize market share Mature stage †¢ Costs are very low as you are well established in market & no need for publicity. †¢ Sales volume peaks †¢ Prices tend to drop due to the proliferation of competing products †¢ Very profitable Decline stage †¢ Costs become counter-optimal †¢ Sales volume decline †¢ Prices, profitability diminish Death †¢ At this stage product vanish from market. The BCG Matrix On the horizontal axis: relative market share : This serves as a measure of SBU strength in the market On the vertical axis: market growth rate This provides a measure of market attractiveness. By dividing the matrix into four areas, four types of SBU can be distinguished: Stars : Stars are high growth businesses or products competing in markets where they are relatively strong compared with the competition. Often they need heavy investment to sustain their growth. Eventually their growth will slow and, assuming they maintain their relative market share, will become cash cows. â€Å"TIDE sachet has high market demand & high market growth in the country† Cash COWS: Cash cows are low-growth businesses or products with a relatively high market share. These are mature, successful businesses with relatively little need for investment. They need to be managed for continued profit – so that they continue to generate the strong cash flows that the company needs for its Stars. â€Å"TIDE jumbo pack are that products which need more investment for the achievement of high market share† Question MARKS: Question marks are businesses or products with low market share but which operate in higher growth markets. This suggests that they have potential, but may require substantial investment in order to grow market share at the expense of more powerful competitors. Management have to think hard about â€Å"question marks† – which ones should they invest in? Which ones should they allow to fail or shrink? â€Å"TIDE liquid unit have high market growth but low market share so management have to think about it more seriously for taking high market share†. Dogs : Unsurprisingly, the term â€Å"dogs† refers to businesses or products that have low relative share in unattractive, low-growth markets. Dogs may generate enough cash to break-even, but they are rarely, if ever, worth investing in â€Å"TIDE liquid, TIDE dish wash bar have low market growth as well as low market share so management have to look at this unit for achieving the companies goal† Marketing Mix PRODUCT (Customer Solution) TIDE is our product that we launch in Pakistan for middle and low income people. This is the basic need of every house. So our company P&G launch TIDES detergent powder. PRICE (Customer Cost) The price of TIDE is very low that each and every person can easily buy this tremendous product. PROMOTION (Communication) P&G promote its product in different ways because they wants to introduce there new product in very efficient and effective manner so the customer recognize the product and also buy it for their satisfaction. PLACE (Convenience) The place of launching TIDE is the rural areas where the income level of the population is comparatively low with urban areas. So company focuses the area that is far away from main cities. Competitive Analysis The process of identifying key competitors; assessing their objectives, strategies, strengths and weaknesses, and reaction patterns; and selecting which competitors to attack or avoid. Steps in the Process: Identifying Competitors The competitor of P&G from industrial point of view is Uniliver and the competitor of TIDE is Wheel and Rin from market point of view. Assessing Competitors First of all in the market we determine what is the objective of our competitor in the market then identifies the strategies of our competitor its strength and weaknesses. Selecting Competitors to Attack or Avoid First of all in the market we saw Strong or weak competitors on the basis of this analysis we value our customer. Then we will see that Close or distant competitors then we will compete against close competitors. After this we saw† Good† or â€Å"Bad† competitors and then we decide that which one is beneficial for us in the market and which one is bad for our brand.

Inequalities in Health

Inequalities in health have many factors but these can be argued against as to whether they are the actual cause. Social class is a factor, along with region, age, gender, ethnicity etc. Measuring the impact of social class is difficult because social classes have changed over the years, eg) working class living conditions have changed, and there is a delay in the onset of diseases, eg) Asbestos related illness. (NICE 2009) However the Black Reports (1980) finding was that the death rate for men in the lower social classes was twice that for men in the higher social classes, and the gap between the two was increasing not reducing.It also showed that some people in the lower classes were experiencing worse health than in the 1950s, maybe giving evidence that the change in working class living conditions wasn’t such a contributory factor. The report showed that British rates of infant mortality were in some cases higher than those in many developing countries, which doesnâ€℠¢t point towards a class inequality. The Black Report identified four explanations of health inequalities, the artefact explanation, natural or social selection, the cultural/behavioural explanation and materialist or structural explanation.The artefact explanation stated that the relationship between class and health is artificial rather than real, arising either through the inadequate measurement of social class and health, or in the measurement of the relationship between the two. (UCEL 2003) The natural and social explanation involved the idea that health was a cause of social class position rather than a consequence, and that individuals are selected into higher classes, while the weakest go down the social scale to occupy the lowest position.The cultural/behavioural explanation defined culture as a set of specific behaviours (smoking, excessive drinking, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity) which have consequences for health. These behaviours were regarded as cultural becau se of the understanding that they are within the control of individuals. The materialist or structuralist explanation explained the role of economic and structural factors in the distribution of health and well being. Research was conducted to provide evidence for the materialist/structuralist explanation.It found a link between low birth  weight and high blood pressure in adulthood which leads to increased coronary heart disease. (UCEL 2003) The Inverse care law stated that working class people receive poorer treatment from the health service. It stated that in poorer areas, qualified doctors are less likely to set up practices so people in lower classes are less like to receive efficient healthcare, when in fact they may be the ones that need it most due to bad living conditions & housing etc. The postcode lottery refers to this suggesting postcodes in richer areas tend to have more money to spend on health care than poorer areas.  (DH 2011)The Acheson Report (1998) showed man y similarities with the Black Report. It found that there are still inequalities in different class groups, with evidence it is still growing. The report put forward several solutions including policies to reduce stress at work, improved access to health services for all classes, improve nutrition in schools, improved benefits and access to benefits for the most needy families. (DH 2011) In summary the evidence shows there are social class based health inequalities, however there are problems in measuring class and health.The issue of social change, and delay in the onset of diseases should be taken into account when looking at this inequality. Evidence shows life expectancy is lower in poorer, less developed countries. The Acheson Report is in depth, but prefers to advise how funds should be allocated and not what should be done to solve the problems. Some evidence for social class health inequality is more conclusive than others, however social class can involve status, wealth, cu lture, background and employment. There is not a simple relationship between class and ill health. Everyone will experience a number of different influences on their health.

The Shawshank Redemption Analysis - 759 Words

In the movie The Shawshank Redemption, a man named Andy Dufresne gives viewers an insight on hope, friendship, and time. It can be hard enough to survive this world as a civilian, let alone a prisoner. When Andy gets to the Shawshank prison there is not much to it besides four walls and some innocent criminals. Andy is sort of like this beacon of light coming into the prison. He doesn’t come in and make things better, but he gives some of the prisoners a sense of the outside world. In a world where it is easy to get lost, hope, friendship, and time are essentials in survival. Time is not usually anybody’s friend. Time is actually something that people seem to never have enough of. However, in The Shawshank Redemption, time is of an†¦show more content†¦Despite barely having anything in common these two bright minds connected and became friends for decades. In prison it is important to have someone there. Red explains their relationship by saying I never felt really close to Andy until 1960 or so, and I believe I was the only one who ever did get really close to him. For Andy it was important to his sanity to have a person like Red. Without Red, Andy might just have gone insane. Red helped give Andy hope. While in prison Andy never let go of hope. Even through his first two years in Shawshank he still held onto hope. There were a few things that helped Andy hold on to hope, one of those things was Red. While talking to Red in a letter, Andy told him â€Å"Remember Red, hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies†. This just proved how much Andy believed that hope was the one thing that nobody could ever take from him. Not only was this film about a man keeping his hope, but another man trying to regain his. Red lost his hope long ago, probably when he was first denied parole or maybe even when he was first sent to prison. He told Andy â€Å"hope is a dangerous thing my friend, it can kill a man†. Andy helped Red just as much as Red helped Andy. Red’s view of hope was very different from Andy’s, so Andy helped him see the better side of hope. When Andy pulled off his escape he helped Red see that there isShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis Of The Shawshank Redemption1696 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Shawshank Redemption is directed by Frank Darabot, published in 1995 Australia. The film focusses on the theme of forgiveness and escape. It follows an unusual friendship between Andy and Red set in a 1930’s American prison. The main focal scenes explored include: Brooks suicide and Tommy’s death. The film is to be narrated by Morgen Freeman (Red), it shows the 20 year period of Andy’s imprisonment. As a part of the analysis emphases on the scenes as it introduces the audience to theRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption Analysis1725 Words   |  7 Pagespeople rejoice. The Shawshank Redemption was an exemplary film that proved how dedication, patience, friendship and hope are extremely powerful and are big supporting factors in life. Shown in The Shawshank Redemption, directed by Frank Darabont, was a passionate and inspiring story of a quiet and wrongly convicted man named Andy Dufresne and his encounters with fear, friendship, freedom and hope. In The Shawshank Redemption, fear is shown through the prisoners of Shawshank, Brooks Hatlen, EllisRead MoreShawshank Redemption Analysis1749 Words   |  7 PagesShawshank Redemption is one of the best masterpieces’ in the genre of crime. Its portrayal of life in prisons is very intriguing. The main character in the film Andy has been convicted of murder and sent in to Shawshank State Penitentiary. There in the prison Andy befriends Red who constantly fails at getting paroled. Andy is abused by other inmates as well as prison Warden. At the end, Andy escapes using his knowledge from books and attains freedom. This film is not just notable in the world ofRead MoreEthical Analysis of the Shawshank Redemption1846 Words   |  8 PagesEthical Analysis of The Shawshank Redemption Scott S. Critzer Dr. Gerry R. Sokol and Dr. Nancy Powers EDLP 705—Frameworks for Decision-making: Ethical Perspectives Virginia Commonwealth University February 11, 2012 Author Note Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Scott S. Critzer, Assistant Principal, Randolph-Henry High School, 755 David Bruce Avenue, Charlotte Court House, Virginia 23923. E-mail: critzerss@vcu.edu Ethical Analysis of The Shawshank Redemption It hasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Shawshank Redemption By Frank Darabont1116 Words   |  5 Pages 2015 Evaluative Analysis: The Shawshank Redemption When it comes to movies, I am not exactly what you could consider well-versed. Had it not been for several close friends of mine, I would have never even seen blockbuster hits such as Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings, or Back to the Future. The reason for this is not because I dislike watching movies, but rather due to the restrictive nature of my parents. Thus, I have not had the privilege to enjoy The Shawshank Redemption, Frank Darabont’sRead More Rhetorical Analysis of The Shawshank Redemption Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesRhetorical Analysis of The Shawshank Redemption The Shawshank Redemption is an inspiring story about Andy Dufreine and his efforts to maintain hope in horrible situations. The directors used many effective methods that displayed signs of hope in such a horrible place. Andy maintained hope by distracting his mind and always staying occupied. Andy was also inspired to survive by helping others find hope in life. The creators of this movie used several effective, and often subtleRead MoreRita Hayworth And The Shawshank Redemption Analysis1362 Words   |  6 PagesClose Comparative Analysis Of Stephen King’s Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption and Frank Darabont’s The Shawshank Redemption When comparing the ending of Stephen King’s novella, Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption with the ending of the 1994 film adaptation by Frank Darabont, The Shawshank Redemption, there are key differences. These include additions, removals and slight changes in the narrative which arguably make the storyline better suited to the completely different mediumRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Shawshank Redemption 856 Words   |  4 Pages To be honest, I have seen â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption† but it has been a while so figured that I ll watch again this 1994 classic. The movie time line takes place between 1947-1967 in Maine that follow the life of former vice-president banker Andy Dufrasne. Innocent in the double murder of his wife and her lover, he is sentenced to life imprisonment to Shawshank State Penitentiary. Although quiet at first and abused by some prisoners, he opened up to fellow prisoners Red the contraband smuggler.Read MoreFilm Analysis: Shawshan k Redemption766 Words   |  3 PagesIn the movie, Shawshank Redemption, the narrator of the movie named Red recounts how he planned and carried out his wife’s murder by disabling her brakes, which accidentally killed a neighbor and child. He earned a life sentence at the Shawshank Prison. Red also remembers the arrival of an inmate named Andy Dufresne, Andy was sent to Shawshank for life for the cold-blooded murder of his wife, Linda, and her lover. Despite the evidence placing him at the scene of the crime on the night of the murdersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Shawshank Redemption 1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe Shawshank Redemption, a twenty year old movie, is an accurate representation of corruption within the walls of a prison. Justice seems to fail to exist within the walls of Shawshank, where corruption is the norm. The system is exploited for the gain of all of the major characters in the film, although it does not work in the favor of all of the characters. I n the movie, corruption plays a large role in the lives of four characters; Andy, Hadley, Tommy, and the warden. Today, the focus of the